Dreweatts 1759
Lot 101
A VICTORIAN MAHOGANY CASED TWO-DAY MARINE CHRONOMETERJOHN POOLE, LONDON, CIRCA 1860The circular four pillar single chain fusee movement with Harrison's maintaining power, jewelled pivots for the escape and seconds wheels, Earnshaw type spring detent escapement regulated by split bimetallic balance with cylindrical compensating weights and Poole-type auxiliary compensation, helical palladium balance spring and jewelled endstone, the spotted backplate with spring set-up ratchet and blued-steel pillar and backcock securing screws, the inside of the backplate and reverse of the dial mounting plate both stamped 3211, the 4 inch circular silvered Roman numeral dial with subsidiary seconds dial at six o'clock, below signature John, Poole, MAKER TO THE, ADMIRALTY, Fenchurch St., London. 3211 across the centre and DOWN/UP, 0-56 power reserve dial beneath twelve o'clock, secured by a screw-down bezel into a lacquered brass bowl with shuttered winding hole to rear and stamped with matching serial number 3211 to interior, mounted via gimbals alongside the brass typsy winding key into a brass reinforced mahogany three tier box with glazed top to middle tier, shaped-brass capped top corners, inset ivorine plaque inscribed JOHN POOLE, 57 Fenchurch Street, London, No. 3211 to the front, inset strap reinforced angles, and recessed brass carrying handles to sides.19cm (7.5ins) high, 18.5cm (7.25ins) wide, 18.5cm (7.25ins) deep. John Poole junior is recorded in Betts, Jonathan MARINE CHRONOMETERS AT GREENWICH... as born to his father of the same name, also a chronometer maker, in 1818 at Clerkenwell, London. He trained (alongside his brother, James) under his father competing his apprenticeship in around 1839. He worked in the family business making in chronometers whilst his brother, James, set-up alone predominantly making watches. Following the developments of James Eiffe and Robert Molyneux, with regards to 'affixes' to the balance to address the issue of middle temperature error compensation, John Poole invented his own mechanical addition, which proved much simpler in its design and most effective. In 1842 John Poole wrote to the Astronomer Royal outlining his wish that design of affixes were to be made available to all makers, hence from that point onwards his system became the most widely used.John Poole senior died in 1844 leaving the family business in the hands of John junior who continued from their Brunswick Terrace address until he was forced to re-locate (to make way for railway expansion) moving several times up until finally settling at 57 Fenchurch Street in 1856. During the 1860's John Poole's business enjoyed great success at the Greenwich trials resulting in significant orders form the Royal Navy and, via his Boston agent Simon Willard junior, supplied no less than 22 chronometers destined for the U.S. Navy. In addition to this the firm also exhibited at the various international exhibitions where they awarded a bronze medal at the 1855 Paris Universal Exhibition, and another at the 1862 London International Exhibition. John Poole's greatest award however was a gold medal won at the Paris Exposition of 1867. Sadly later that year John Poole junior took his own life leaving the business under the management of his wife, Maria, who continued with the support of James Poole, and her apprenticed son Thomas, until around 1884. The 57 Fenchurch Street business was subsequently apparently taken-on by the chronometer Maker Duncan McGregor and Company by 1887.