RICHARD PATON (BRITISH 1717-1791) THE REVIEW OF THE BRITISH FLEET AT SPITHEAD BY KING GEORGE III, ON BOARD THE FLAGSHIP BARFLEUR, 24 JUNE 1773, WITH THE ROYAL OAK FIRING A SALUTE, AND NUMEROUS OTHER SHIPS OF THE LINE Oil on canvas 123.5 x 147cm (48½ x 57¾ in.) Provenance: William Tennant (1783-1835), Little Aston Hall, Little Aston Thence by descent to his son, Captain Charles Edmund Tennant (1811-1862), Needwood House, Burton-on-Trent Thence by descent to his son, Major Charles Richard Tennant (1851-1937) and his wife the Hon. Mrs Ruth Tennant (d. 1943), Needwood House and St Anne's Manor, Sutton Bonnington Thence by descent to their nephew, Sir Charles Buchanan, 4th Baronet (1899-1984), St Anne's Manor Thence by descent to the present owner The present picture depicts a key incident in George III's review of the fleet at Portsmouth, 22-25 June 1773. The fleet specially assembled for the purpose was in three divisions: nine line-of-battle ships, commanded by Thomas Pye, Vice-Admiral of the Red, four ships commanded by George, Lord Edgcumbe, Vice-Admiral of the Blue (of whom there is a fine portrait by Reynolds in the National Maritime Museum), and six ships commanded by Richard Spry, Rear-Admiral of the White and commander-in-chief at Plymouth. The last came up from there for the occasion. The painting commemorates the honours conferred on Pye as commander-in-chief at Portsmouth and in overall operational charge of the 1773 review. The King is on board the Barfleur, shown flying the Royal Standard at the main, the Admiralty flag at the foremast and the Union flag at the mizzen. This was a 90-gun, second-rate ship of the line which was to enjoy a distinguished career in the War of American Independence (1775-83) and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793- 1815). At this time, however, it was Pye's Portsmouth flagship, from which he had been displaced for the period of the royal visit into the 74-gun Royal Oak, seen to the right. Having dined in state on the Barfleur shortly after 2 p.m. the King knighted a number of senior officers on the quarter-deck of the ship, including Pye and Spry, and formally advanced Pye from Vice-Admiral of the Red to Admiral of the Blue. As Spry's blue flag was broken out at the mainmast-head of the Royal Oak, all the ships of the fleet other than Barfleur saluted him 'by the King's permission'. In return, as the London Gazette reported the moment and as this painting shows: 'The Admiral, in acknowledgement of the Honor conferred upon him, saluted the Royal Standard with all the Guns on board the Royal Oak.' In comparison to Pye's new blue flag at the main in the Royal Oak (as shown here) denoting his rise to full Admiral of the Blue, the same colour at the foremast of the ship to rear left in the painting identifies it as the Dublin, Edgcumbe's temporary flagship for the review as a Vice-Admiral of the Blue. At 5.30 p.m. George III left the Barfleur for the Augusta, yacht, in which the royal party returned to Portsmouth harbour, accompanied by flag officers and captains in their barges, landing at the dock at 7.30. Despite the high honours conferred on Pye, he did not enjoy an unblemished reputation. He was known among his junior officers as 'Goose Pye' and is described by the naval historian Nicholas Rodger as 'something of a naval grotesque who aroused mingled amusement and contempt.' Who commissioned this painting is unknown but Pye is a strong possibility. Condition Report: The canvas has been lined. Craquelure throughout, and heavier in some places than others, most noticeably an area about 10cm long to the cloud in the upper left corner. There is also some old paint shrinkage, some of which has been filled in. Rubbing and abrasions to the framing edges, including some associated loss. There is a small area in the sky to the right of the union jack flag (approx. 3cm) where the canvas has been knocked and the paint is starting to lift, and flake. Inspection under UV light reveals light scattered retouching throughout, however this has been very sensitively done. Also with a green cloudy varnish.Condition Report Disclaimer