A highly important engraved 'Adam and Eve' marriage goblet, dated 1714The generous round funnel bowl with a solid base, naively decorated in diamond-point with the 'Fall of Man', the semi-nude figures of Adam and Eve wearing leafy sprays around their waists, standing either side of the Tree of Knowledge, its branches laden with fruit and the serpent entwined around its trunk, a rabbit and a fox behind, the initials 'A/ I*E' to the left and the date '(17.14)' below the rim, a bestiary alternating with trees arranged in three tiers to the rest of the bowl, the animals including an elk, a dog, a seated fox, a unicorn, a lioness, a parrot perched on a branch, a large spotted elk, a recumbent lion and a doe, on a six-sided moulded stem containing an elongated tear, over a folded conical foot, 18.7cm highFootnotes:ProvenanceReverend and Mrs M de la Hey, North Cerney, GloucestershireMajor R M O de la Hey Collection, Sotheby's, 13 June 1977, Lot 69Stephen Pohlmann CollectionLiteratureW A Thorpe, A History of English and Irish Glass (1929), pl.CI, no.1F Peter Lole, 'Limpid Reflections', Glass Circle News, no.109 (December 2006), pp.12-13Dwight Lanmon, The Golden Age of English Glass (2011), p.153, figs.87a-dStephen Pohlmann, 'An Eclectic Collector', Glass Matters, no.14 (June 2022), p.21, fig.2The scene on this remarkable goblet depicts the Fall of Man in the biblical book of Genesis, in which Adam is seen accepting from Eve the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. The engraving is filled with symbolism. The parrot on a branch represents wisdom and other animals are emblematic of the four humours: cruelty, melancholy, sensuality and lethargy. The present lot is one of just six goblets decorated with similar depictions of Adam and Eve in diamond-point, and also represents the earliest dated glass with a moulded stem. The initials relate to an unknown couple whose surname began with A, with 1714 perhaps referring to the date of their marriage.Two early goblets of very different form to the present lot depict The Fall in diamond-point, both dating to the last quarter of the 17th century. One has a short swirled quatrefoil stem and is illustrated by W A Thorpe, A History of English and Irish Glass (1929), pl.XXXVII, reproduced by Dwight P Lanmon, The Golden Age of English Glass (2011), p.152, fig.85. Another virtually identical depiction features on a gadrooned goblet sold by Bonhams as part of the James Hall Collection on 17 December 2008, lot 22, illustrated by Lanmon (2011), p.152, fig.86. The scenes on both glasses are so similar to one another that they must have been inspired by the same source print, if not produced by the same hand, but are earlier than the present lot and thus of unrelated manufacture.Only two other goblets with moulded stems which depict The Fall would appear to be recorded, both with eight-sided stems. One of these is illustrated and discussed by Lanmon (2011), pp.148-53, no.45 and has a remarkably similar bestiary of animals and trees on the bowl, although the scene of Adam and Eve is a mirror image of that on the present lot. It bears the slightly later date of 1716 and features an octagonal stem moulded with 'GOD SAVE KING GEORGE' around the shoulder. In spite of some stylistic differences in the execution of the main scene and the date, close similarities in the rendering of the animals and trees suggests both this glass and the present lot were probably engraved by the same artist, perhaps using the same source print.The second is a fragmentary Dutch goblet applied with diamonds to the shoulder of the stem, excavated in Utrecht and illustrated by Ina Isings et al., Schitterend! (2009), pp.130-1 and front cover. Only the figure of Adam, the base of the tree trunk and serpent's tail, and the legs and hand of Eve holding the apple remain, but it is clearly a different interpretation of the scene. The reverse is decorated with the Crucifixion of Christ, with the scenes titled 'De Boom de Doods' (The Tree of Death) and 'De Boom des Levens' (The Tree of Life) respectively.The only other goblet recorded with The Fall is a heavy baluster of circa 1720 in the Ashmolean Museum (inv. no.HM477), illustrated by Lanmon (2011), p.153, fig.88. Whilst the engraving is slightly less naïve, Lanmon suggests that this goblet is likely to be by the same hand as the two dated moulded-stem examples, including the present lot, based on compelling stylistic similarities. The Ashmolean goblet is thought to have been acquired in Bristol. Goblets depicting The Fall have traditionally and almost certainly erroneously been attributed to Bristol on account of it being a centre for the production of delftware 'Adam and Eve' chargers in the 17th and 18th centuries, see Lanmon (2011), p.150.The contrapposto stance of Adam and Eve in the scene on this important group of goblets, with Adam's right arm distinctively raised, bears a number of similarities to Albrecht Durer's celebrated 1504 engraving of the couple, which inspired a number of later artists. The source is in fact likely to be De Royaumont's History of the Bible, translated from the original French and first published in London as two volumes in 1688 (History of the New Testament) and 1690 (History of the Old Testament) by Richard Blome. Third and Fourth editions were published in London in 1705 and 1712 which both expanded upon the previous versions. Containing many detailed and beautiful plates by various artists, 'The Fall of Adam' was engraved by the Dutch draughtsman Johannes Kip (1653-1722) after George Freman. Indeed, the two distinctively placed rabbits in the foreground of the engraving are almost exactly reproduced on the Ashmolean goblet, leaving little doubt as to the source.The distinctive way in which the figures on these glasses are executed, with very dense opaque scratching filling the bodies, but details including the facial features and breasts left completely blank to denote shadow, is seen on several 18th century glasses engraved in diamond-point in the Netherlands, including the aforementioned fragmentary example. Another Dutch engraved moulded-stem goblet featuring three Commedia dell'Arte figures engraved in a very similar style, attributed to Thomas van Borckelo, is illustrated by Anna Laméris, 'Lead Glass in Eighteenth-Century Holland', in Frides Laméris, Canes, Serpents and Ships (2018), p.43. A heavy baluster goblet signed by van Borckelo and dated 1748, featuring an orange tree engraved in very similar style to the Tree of Knowledge on the present lot, is in the Victoria and Albert Museum (inv. no.C.163-1956). Whilst these glasses post-date the present lot by some years, the stylistic similarities raise the interesting possibility that a Dutch hand may have been responsible, perhaps working in England.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: ** VAT on imported items at a preferential rate of 5% on Hammer Price and the prevailing rate on Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com