Viceregal school. Perú. Central decades of the 18th century (reign of King Ferdinand VI, 1746-1749)“Inauguration of the office of alderman of Lima, of the viceroyalty of Peru, Don Fernando de Rojas Marres” and ”The Exaltation of the House of Nobility of the alderman of Lima, Don Fernando de Rojas Marres”Pair of oil paintings on canvas. 100 x 73 cm. each.The first painting is divided into two parts, the upper part possibly showing the swearing-in or oath of office of the new alderman of Lima, Don Fernando de Rojas Marres of the viceroyalty of Peru, as he climbs the semicircular stairs to the throne from which he will make government decisions. The golden throne is topped by a red curtain and an open crown, clear symbols of power. Behind it, the two Tuscan columns symbolise the strength and fortitude that every ruler must have in order to lead their people. Above the crown, apart from the word ‘fortune’, an allusion to this virtue, the scene is accompanied by two other virtues linked to power and dignitaries, science on the left and fame on the right. The two female figures who bestow symbols of power, the ruler's sceptre and the crown are the ruler's acolytes and witnesses to the scene.The central figure is dressed in the fashion of Ferdinand VI's reign, which dates the painting and its companion piece to the middle decades of the 18th century. To complete the parallelism of the central scene at the top, two noble coats of arms are placed at either end. The one on the right, topped by the helmet of a warrior, indicates the rank of knight or order of nobility of the person, who would in turn belonged to the order of knighthood of Santiago, one of the four most important orders of knighthood in Spain along with those of Calatrava, Montesa and Alcántara. During the restoration of the painting, the change in the iconography of the area of the coat of arms where the eagle is located came to light. Initially there were three vertical golden bands which were covered by the bird, although it is not clear whether this change was made while the painting was being executed or after the work was completed. The other coat of arms, this time with the crown of government, shows very different heraldry with no distinction of knighthood.The change the coat of arms underwent in this painting also affected its counterpart in the other painting.The noble coats of arms could have belonged to Rojas Marres' paternal branch, that of Don Feliciano de Rojas Ponce de León, and to his maternal branch, that of Doña Juana de Marres, or it is also possible that the one on the left could have been his own, that of the alderman, and the one on the right that of his wife, Doña María María Ana Concepción del Castillo Castañeda.Whilst the upper part of the painting represents political power and command over the people and the virtues that accompany the governor in order to govern well, the lower part, the most didactic part of the canvas, shows the values and qualities of the new government through the representation of 32 squares with elements divided into two panels of 16 squares each.The panel on the left represents objects that have explanatory symbolism linked to elements of power, while the panel on the right shows scenes with a written phylactery above them. These panels would have helped to explain the iconological programme, which symbolised the political programme of the new ruler, to the illiterate population, who made up the majority of the indigenous or native peoples at the time.The second painting shows that the importance of the family and its service to the empire rests on the Spanish monarchy and the Catholic faith.As if it were a ‘Tree of Jesse’, the distribution of the different elements that make up the rich and varied composition of the painting are arranged in a highly symmetrical and rational order.The base of the tree rises above the strong figure of the Child Virgin Mary on her throne, iconography that was very popular during the 17th and 18th centuries throughout Latin America, partly due to Zurbarán's paintings that came from the old continent to the ‘New World’. The feather below could refer to the feather of the archangel Saint Gabriel in the Annunciation. Given that the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was a matter of State and of protection by the Hispanic monarchy, the weight of the Crown rests on it and rests on the figure of the Virgin Mary; as one of the columns of Hercules in the coat of arms of Spain, legendary founder of the Hapsburg dynasty, acts as the trunk of the tree with the phylactery bearing the motto ‘NON PLUS ULTRA’, before Charles V and the anagram ‘Victor’ in golden letters.This anagram is flanked by the lion of Spain and the eagle of Saint John, protector of the Spanish monarchy, both also with golden crowns. On this rests the royal crown of the Bourbons, thus constructing the trunk of the compositional tree, where monarchy and religion are the pillars on which the family's noble coat of arms rests, which in turn is crowned by a laurel wreath bearing an angel and a scroll with golden symbols.The different branches of the ‘tree’ are divided according to the symbols and their distribution.In the upper part, the elements depicted are linked to the litanies of the Immaculate Conception, symbols related to the Virgin Mary. At the top is the sun, the eight-pointed star which has been linked to the Virgin Mary since antiquity, and the moon. The king of the day and the queen of the night contemplate the scene. Between there and the middle of the painting are a rose bush and an olive tree on the left, and a bunch of lilies and a cypress on the right, flowers and plants associated with Mary. All the iconographic repertoire, together with the symbols of the Marian litanies in the upper part of the painting, the elements of science (the book, the compass, the globe and the candle that is not extinguished by the four winds, also depicted) and the six virtues in the lower part, justify the service and work of this noble house to the royal house and the Catholic religion, the foundations of the Spanish empire in the Latin American colonies.In conclusion, these two paintings present a political programme for the government of the new ruler of Lima in the 18th century. The importance of this pair of canvases lies precisely in the way they represent this political programme by justifying the noble house as being in the service of the King of Spain and the Catholic faith. To this end, it also makes use of a graceful play of symbols, something rare to see in paintings from Spain itself, but common in the Americas, to educate and explain to the people how their new rulers will exercise their power.We are grateful to the art historian and restorer Ignacio Panicello for cataloguing and identifying these paintings.Provenance: Former collection belonging to Adrián de Rojas Maestre (descendant of the regent of Lima, Don Fernando de Rojas Marres).This family, or part of it, with important historical links, settled in Spain before 1950 at the Finca El Maestre in Seville. The paintings have always belonged to the family.The subject of our paintings, Fernando de Rojas Marrés, was born in Ceuta and died circa 1800 in Madrid.There is a record in the Spanish Historical Archive of his transfer to the Americas as a ‘Merchant of textiles, he went to South America on the ship Aquiles under the charge of Captain Martin Joseph de Echenique, bringing cargo directly to the port of Callao Lima. Record of information and passenger licence to the Indies of Fernando de Rojas y Marres’.
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Small engraved silver snuff box. Novo-Hispanic workshop. Mexico, Guanajuato. Dated 1768.5.8 x 7.5 x 1.5 cm.Dated and inscribed: "Guanaxuato. Aº 1768."Inside the lid, within a border, the name of the owner is engraved: "Soi de mi Señor Joseph de Areche" (I belong to my Lord Joseph de Areche.) In the centre, two eagles face each other.Thanks to the details provided by this box—name, year, and place—it can be confirmed with certainty that it belonged to José Antonio de Areche y Sornoza (Balmaseda, Vizcaya, 1728 – Bilbao, 1798), who was "Oidor" (judge) of Manila, Criminal Prosecutor of Mexico, Civil Prosecutor of Mexico, General Inspector of Peru, and a robed minister of the Council of the Indies.It is interesting to read about his career in the biographical reference from the Royal Academy of History:"Graduating with a degree and doctorate in Canon Law in 1756, he was a member of the Academia de Profesores of Santa María de Regla. Since 1752, he held a scholarship at the Colegio de Santa Catalina Mártir de los Verdes, where he later became rector.In 1759, Areche applied for the chair of Canon Law at Alcalá and was a substitute for others.Charles III appointed Areche to replace Pedro Calderón Enríquez as Oidor of the Audiencia of Manila by consultation on 5 June and by decree on 14 July 1765, a position he never occupied. He requested a loan of 5,390 pesos in Cádiz in 1767 (which had not yet been repaid twenty years later, according to his creditors). Areche departed for Manila with a licence on 14 April 1766. However, while passing through Mexico, Areche was appointed by the viceroy to fill the vacant position of Criminal Prosecutor of the Audiencia of Mexico, despite the court’s protests over the legality of the appointment. Areche’s work quickly earned him praise, and a year later, the ministers petitioned the King to make the appointment permanent, which was granted on 13 November 1767. (This snuff box is dated one year later.) Areche was promoted to the Civil Prosecutor's office on 17 January 1774, and impressed José de Gálvez during his visit to Mexico.While serving as Prosecutor, Areche supported the Court of the Acordada, seeking funds to improve the building.He was reported twice for possessing prohibited books, including Diderot’s Encyclopaedia and Voltaire's Thoughts. Notable for his severe and biting opinion of the Mexican population, he supported the military reforms of the General Inspector. When Gálvez became Secretary of State for the Indies in 1776, he appointed Areche General Inspector of the Kingdom of Peru on 25 March 1776, and simultaneously made him a member of the Council of the Indies so that he could "perform his duties with more dignity and authority". Shortly thereafter, Areche was also granted a pensioned knighthood in the Order of Charles III.Areche undertook a stormy and controversial inspection in Peru during the late 1770s and early 1780s, clashing with nearly all authorities there. He arrived to examine both the financial and judicial bureaucracies, root out corruption, investigate forced distribution, consider implementing a system of intendants, and reform the method of tax collection. Areche arrived in Lima on 14 June 1777. His disputes, first with Viceroy Manuel de Guirior and then with Viceroy Agustín Jáuregui, led to the replacement of both. With Jáuregui’s appointment in 1780, Areche was given the responsibility of Superintendent for Financial and Economic Affairs. His efforts to reform the Court of Audits and the treasury system were unsuccessful. Jorge Escobedo Ocaña y Alarcón restored the previous system of royal treasuries. Areche’s attempts to reform municipal finances in Lima also failed.His introduction of a “military contribution” or tax on free people of colour, although supposedly voluntary, faced opposition from those affected.He was ordered to return to Spain in 1781.
Viceroyalty school. Peru. 18th century.‘Portrait of a bishop’.Oil on canvas. 64 x 50 cmAt the foot of the painting is a cartouche with the handwritten inscription: EI YIImo St. Dn Juan Bravo de Rivero, Colegial que fue del Colegio R.l de S.n Martin de Lima, su Patria, fundor de la R.l Avdiencia de Charcas, Maestrescvela, Tesorero y Chantre de aquella Yglesia Metropolitana Obispo de Santiago de Chile y despues de Arequipa, endonde falleció el año de 1752".(Juan Bravo de Rivero, Student of the former College R.l de S.n Martin, Lima, his homeland. Founder of the Audience of Charcas, school teacher, treasurer and precentor of the Metropolitan Church, Bishop of Santiago de Chile and later Arequipa, where he died in 1752).
Imposing carved and polychromed wooden cupboard. Viceregal work. Peru. 18th century.210 x 152 x 60 cm.Structurally, it has two front doors that close with a large original wrought iron bolt. It is topped with a cornice and supported by a long continuous base. The entire cabinet is completely carved with rich ornamentation of flat carving and moulding in square ribbed sections.The decoration on the doors is divided into three segments, the upper one shows the keys and the Mitre of St. Peter (elements that are repeated in the cornice), the central one shows two Eucharistic pelicans among branches and flowers, and the lower one is formed by a single large rose window, similar to a cathedral stained-glass window.The same decoration, somewhat smaller due to there being less space, can be found on the sides.An example comparable to this is the one in the Museo de Arte de Lima, and as María Campos Carlés points out in her book on Viceregal Peruvian furniture ‘Un legado que pervive en Hispanoamérica. El mobiliario del Virreinato del Perú de los siglos XVII y XVIII": it is ’a dazzling and majestic cabinet for civilian use. This piece was built in the last quarter of the 17th century by anonymous artisans from Cusco with Italian influence.Another example comparable to this cupboard is the one in the Vivian and Jaime Liébana collection in Lima, dating from the 18th century.Regarding the origin and style of this type of baroque furniture, we highly recommend reading chapter VI of the aforementioned book by Compos Carlés (Wooden, baroque style furniture with flat carving, bare, gilded and polychromed. Civil and religious, utilitarian and ornamental use. Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, Puno and Trujillo) in which it is explained how: ’the local craftsman extracted artistic patterns from books of engravings and drawings of European art. This valuable data allowed them to ornament a piece of furniture with Europeanising morphology while inserting juxtaposed autochthonous elements. The Spanish Baroque underwent changes in the Viceroyalty of Peru as a result of the added ornamental fantasy of a typically Andean identity, avid for creativity...The three-dimensional volumetry was achieved by means of bevelled roughing on hard and ductile woods...It is relevant that on some occasions the carved wood was totally or partially gilded with gold leaf, and patinas and polychromy were also used.210 x 152 x 60 cm.Structurally, it has two front doors that close with a large original wrought iron bolt. It is topped with a cornice and supported by a long continuous base. The entire cabinet is completely carved with rich ornamentation of flat carving and moulding in square ribbed sections.The decoration on the doors is divided into three segments, the upper one shows the keys and the Mitre of St. Peter (elements that are repeated in the cornice), the central one shows two Eucharistic pelicans among branches and flowers, and the lower one is formed by a single large rose window, similar to a cathedral stained-glass window.The same decoration, somewhat smaller due to there being less space, can be found on the sides.An example comparable to this is the one in the Museo de Arte de Lima, and as María Campos Carlés points out in her book on Viceregal Peruvian furniture ‘Un legado que pervive en Hispanoamérica. El mobiliario del Virreinato del Perú de los siglos XVII y XVIII": it is ’a dazzling and majestic cabinet for civilian use. This piece was built in the last quarter of the 17th century by anonymous artisans from Cusco with Italian influence.Another example comparable to this cupboard is the one in the Vivian and Jaime Liébana collection in Lima, dating from the 18th century.Regarding the origin and style of this type of baroque furniture, we highly recommend reading chapter VI of the aforementioned book by Compos Carlés (Wooden, baroque style furniture with flat carving, bare, gilded and polychromed. Civil and religious, utilitarian and ornamental use. Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, Puno and Trujillo) in which it is explained how: ’the local craftsman extracted artistic patterns from books of engravings and drawings of European art. This valuable data allowed them to ornament a piece of furniture with Europeanising morphology while inserting juxtaposed autochthonous elements. The Spanish Baroque underwent changes in the Viceroyalty of Peru as a result of the added ornamental fantasy of a typically Andean identity, avid for creativity...The three-dimensional volumetry was achieved by means of bevelled roughing on hard and ductile woods...It is relevant that on some occasions the carved wood was totally or partially gilded with gold leaf, and patinas and polychromy were also used.
A selection of 00-gauge model locomotives and tenders, including: a Hornby Railroad R6368 BR 20 Ton Brake Van, in box; a Bachmann Branch-Line 37-535A 20 Ton Brake Van, in box; an Airfix Railway System 5-Plank Wagon "Spencer", in box; a Tri-Ang Hornby R553/4 Caledonian locomotive and tender; and other items; together with a selection of loose diecast and other model vehicles, makers including: Corgi; Lone Star; Lima; and others.
Lima - A pair of boxed HO/OO gauge locomotives. Includes #205141 Class 50 50020 'Revenge' and #205106 Class 55 55022 'Royal Scots Grey'. Items appear to be in very good-excellent condition. Boxes appear good-very good; some storage wear. Item not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Lima - A boxed HO/OO gauge #10 9707 Golden Series Intercity Train Pack containing a Class 55 9006 "Fife and Forfar Yeomanry", a mk1 restaurant coach and 2 mk2 coaches. items appear to be in very good condition. Box appears in good condition; some storage wear. Contents not checked for completeness (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Hornby - Airfix - Lima - Approximately 14 unboxed OO gauge locomotives, coaches and rolling stock to include 54151 Class 61xx 'Large Prairie' 2-6-2T 6167, R059 Class 2721 0-6-0PT 2744, L205102 Class J50 0-6-0 68920 and others. Also includes 3 boxed OO scale wagon kits (with instructions). Item appear to be in very good condition; some detailing added. Very good boxes. Items not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Peco - Bachmann - Graham Farish - Lima - Others - Approximately 59 unboxed OO gauge rolling stock wagons in good plus condition. Majority of the items have had weathering applied to them. Most contain buffers and couplings. Items not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Lima - Hornby - Airfix - 5 unboxed OO gauge diesel locomotive. Includes #L205114b Class 33 33024, #L205115a Class 33 D6506, #R072 Class 25 D7596 and others. Items appear in mostly fair condition with various damage to buffers and / or coupling. Also includes 4 bodyshells Items not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Lima - 2 boxed HO/OO gauge locomotive and a dummy car. Includes #205105 Class 55 Deltic D9003 'Meld', #9125 DB 815606-9 and #8037L DB 515590-8 (dummy car). Items appear to be in very good condition. Boxes appear fair plus; some storage wear. Item not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Lima - A pair of boxed HO/OO gauge locomotives. Includes #204740 Class 37 37717 Maltby Lily Hall and #205292 Class 59 59206 "Pride Of Ferrybridge". Items appear to be in very good-excellent condition. Boxes appear good; some storage wear. Item not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Lima - Jouef - Mainline - 5 unboxed OO gauge diesel locomotive. Includes #37-051 Class 45 45039 'The Manchester Regiment', #L205106 Class 55 55022 'Royal Scots Grey', #37050 Class 45 D49 'The Manchester Regiment' and others. Items appear in mostly fair condition with various damage to buffers and / or coupling. Also includes 4 bodyshells Items not checked for completeness. (This does not constitute a guarantee) RG
Nine OO/HO gauge model railway steam locomotives, including Marklin 0-6-0T tank locomotives, weathered; Lima 0-4-0T tank locomotive; Hornby Dublo SR 0-6-0T class R1 SECR tank locomotive; Hornby 0-4-4T class M7 tank locomotive, repainted, with wooden chassis additions; unknown BR 4-6-2 Battle of Britain class steam locomotive and tender; unknown BR 2-10-0 class 9F steam locomotive and tender no.92166; Lima LMS 0-6-0 Fowler class 4F steam locomotive and tender no. 4947; Marklin 2-6-2 BR23 steam locomotive no.23014, missing tender; unknown LNER 2-6-0 class K1 steam locomotive, missing tenderQty: 9
Hornby and Lima OO gauge model railway coaches, eighteen including Lima ref. 305323 BR maroon restaurant car no.M25486; Hornby ref. R223 Pullman 1st class parlour coaches (x5), named Ursula, Shula, Sheila, Lucille and Agatha; ref. R4236C BR maroon 3rd class brake coach no.M5806M; and others. all boxed Qty: 18
Lima, Hornby and Trix OO gauge locomotives, four including Lima ref. 205111A2 GWR 2-6-2T class 4500 tank locomotive no. 4589; ref. 205103 GWR 4-6-0 King class 'King George V' no. 6000; Hornby ref. R859 BR 4-6-0 Stanier class 5 'Black five' no. 45192, Silver Seal locomotive; Trix BR 4-6-2 Britannia class 'Britannia' no. 70000Qty: 4
Bachmann, Lima and other HO/OO gauge model railway diesel locomotives, four including Bachmann ref. 32-412 BR Bo-Bo class 25 diesel locomotive no. 25 083, weathered, boxed; Lima ref. 205186A7 BR Bo-Bo class 73 'The Royal Alex' no. 73101, in Pullman brown/cream, boxed; Kleinbarn OBB Bo-Bo no. 1044 209-3; Fleischmann DB Bo-Bo cargo no. 212 311-5Qty: 4
Hornby and Lima OO gauge model railway steam locomotives and tenders, five including Hornby BR 4-6-2 Peppercorn class A1 no. 60113; BR 4-6-2 Coronation class 'City of Chester' no. 46239; GWR 4-6-0 County class 'County of Somerset' no. 1004; BR 4-6-2 Britannia class 'Morning Star' no. 70021; Lima ref. 5104W BR 4-6-0 King class 'King Charles II' no. 6009, boxedQty: 5
Tirion (Isaak). Beknopte Atlas, van omtrent honderd platte Gronden der Voornaamste Vestingen, Kasteelen en Steden van Europa, en byzonder van de Nederlanden en eenige Kolonien. Byeenverzameld to dienst en nut van allen, die eenig belang stellen in eene juiste kennis van de Aangelegenheid en Sterkte dier Plaatsen, voor welke reeds het Oorlog wordt gevoerd of nog gevoerd kan worden; gelyk ook tot vermaak en gemak van alle Reizigers, ten welken einde mede de belangrykste Gestichten en Gebouwen op de meeste Plaatsen aangewezen zyn, Amsterdam, Leiden, Dordrecht & Harlingen: De Compagnie van Boekverkopers, circa 1750, title and index plus 71 folding or double page uncoloured engraved maps, near contemporary half-calf, slight wear to extremities, 8vo QTY: (1)NOTE:Includes one of the only 18th-century maps of New Orleans as well Amsterdam, Brussels, Antwerp & Rotterdam, Gdansk, St Petersburg, Strasbourg, Paris & Geneva plus colonial plans including Cartagena, Lima, the Bahia Todos Santos in Brazil and plans of San Salvador, Cayenne, Surinam & Paramaribo, Guiana & Curacao.
Lima O gauge electric train set, including class 4F locomotive 0-6-0 in LMS crimson, first class coach 15865, and a first class corridor coach 15865, transformer, track, boxed.WARNING! This lot contains untested or unsafe electrical items. It is supplied for scrap or re-conditioning only. TRADE ONLY
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