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A GREEN JADE 'BIRD' PENDANT FRAGMENT, WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY
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Description
A GREEN JADE 'BIRD' PENDANT FRAGMENT, WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY
China, 1100-1000 BC. The flat stone carved in the form of a stylized bird, each side with grooves forming the wings and tail. The opaque jade of a grayish-green color with areas of white calcification.
Provenance: From the collection of Dr. Wou Kiuan. Wou Lien-Pai Museum, coll. no. E.3.21A-H. Dr. Wou Kiuan (1910-1997) was a Chinese diplomat and noted scholar of Chinese art. His father, Wou Lien-Pai (1873-1944), was one the leading political figures of early 20th century China, remembered for his role as speaker and leader of parliament during the turbulent years of the Republican era. Dr. Wou himself embarked on an illustrious career in diplomacy until his retirement in 1952, when he settled in London and devoted the rest of his life to the study of Chinese art. It was no doubt fortuitous that Dr. Wou's years of collecting coincided with an abundant availability of exceptional Chinese art on the London market. From the mid-1950s to the late 1960s he was able to form a collection of well over 1,000 works that together represented virtually every category of Chinese art. At the heart of Dr. Wou's drive to collect was a burning desire to preserve the relics of China's rich historical past scattered across Europe, and to promote Chinese art and culture. It is unclear when Dr. Wou conceived of the idea to create a place to house his collection, but in 1968 he opened the doors to the Wou Lien-Pai Museum, named in honor of his father. Over the years the Museum became a 'must see' destination for collectors, academics, and visiting dignitaries, and Dr. Wou would delight in leading his visitors through the galleries, recounting stories of China's glorious history.
Condition: Condition commensurate with age. Old wear, weathering and erosion, nibbling, some chips and losses. The stone with natural fissures, some of which may have developed into small hairline cracks over time.
Weight: 7.2 g
Dimensions: Length 7.6 cm
Expert's note (added 20.2.2023): Jades such as the present lot can be dated to as early as the Shang Dynasty. It has been theorized that they were once made as adornments and supports for elaborate lacquer vessels imitating the designs of ritual bronzes (see image section). None of these complete vessels have ever been found. This original intended use eventually fell out of fashion with the repurposing of these archaic examples for bodily adornment. See Qian Yang's thesis: The Circulation of Jades in Early China (Late Neolithic - Eastern Zhou, ca. 4500 -221 B.C.).
Literature comparison:
Compare a closely related jade plaque, described as a fish, Western Zhou dynasty, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 24.51.7. Compare a closely related jade plaque of a bird, in the British Museum, accession number 1947,0712.465, and illustrated in J. Rawson, Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Qing, British Museum, 1995, p. 227, fig. 1, where she notes that during the Western Zhou dynasty, the tail became more horizontal and looks more like a 'fish' tail, such is the case for the present lot.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 26 May 2021, lot 127
Price: HKD 56,700 or approx. EUR 6,900 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A celadon jade 'bird' pendant, Western Zhou dynasty
Expert remark: Compare the related form and grooves. Note the much smaller size (5.3 cm).
西周鳥形玉珮
中國，公元前1100-1000 年。珮呈扁片狀，以陰刻線技法雕琢側面梟鳥造型，可辨羽翅與鳥尾。玉質，局部淺褐色沁與白色鈣化。
來源：吳權博士收藏；吳蓮伯美術館，館藏編號 E.3.21A-H。吳權(1910-1997)博士 曾是一位中國外交家以及知名中國藝術收藏家。他的父親吳蓮伯 (1873-1944)先生曾是二十世紀初中國重要政治人物，因在民國動蕩歲月中擔任國會議員及議長而聞名。1952 年，吳博士在外交領域走上了輝煌之路，直到他退休後定居倫敦，並將餘生奉獻給了對中國藝術的研究。毫無疑問，吳權博士多年的收藏，與大量中國藝術珍品現身倫敦藝術市場上時間點相呼應，這無疑是幸運的。從 1950 年代中期到 1960 年代後期，他收集了 1,000 多件藏品，涵蓋了中國藝術的每一個門類。吳博士之所以收藏，其原因主要是爲保護散落歐洲各地的中國文物與推廣中國藝術與文化。尚不清楚吳博士何時想到創建一個美術館來歸置他的收藏的，但在 1968 年，他打開了以他父親的名字命名的 吳蓮伯美術館的大門。多年來，美術館已成為收藏家、學者和來訪政要的必經之地，而吳博士總是很樂意給參觀者介紹美術館，講述中國光輝歷史的故事。
品相：品相良好，有磨損、風化和侵蝕、磕損、刻痕和缺損，具有天然裂紋的石料，隨著時間的推移，其中一些可能已經發展成細小的裂紋。
重量：7.2 克
尺寸：長7.6 厘米
文獻比較：
比較一件非常相近的西周玉雕魚，收藏於大都會藝術博物館，館藏編號24.51.7。比較一件非常相近的玉鳥 ，收藏於大英博物館，館藏編號1947,0712.465，見J. Rawson，《Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Qing》，大英博物館，1995年，頁227，圖1；他在書中指出，在西周時期，鳥尾巴會被雕刻地較水平，看起來更像一條“魚”尾巴，這就是本拍品的情況。
拍賣結果比較：
形制：相近
拍賣：香港蘇富比，2021年5月26日，lot 127
價格：HKD 56,700（相當於今日EUR 6,900）
描述：西周青白玉鳥形珮
專家評論：比較相近的外形和凹槽。請注意尺寸小很多(5.3 厘米)。
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A GREEN JADE 'BIRD' PENDANT FRAGMENT, WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY
China, 1100-1000 BC. The flat stone carved in the form of a stylized bird, each side with grooves forming the wings and tail. The opaque jade of a grayish-green color with areas of white calcification.
Provenance: From the collection of Dr. Wou Kiuan. Wou Lien-Pai Museum, coll. no. E.3.21A-H. Dr. Wou Kiuan (1910-1997) was a Chinese diplomat and noted scholar of Chinese art. His father, Wou Lien-Pai (1873-1944), was one the leading political figures of early 20th century China, remembered for his role as speaker and leader of parliament during the turbulent years of the Republican era. Dr. Wou himself embarked on an illustrious career in diplomacy until his retirement in 1952, when he settled in London and devoted the rest of his life to the study of Chinese art. It was no doubt fortuitous that Dr. Wou's years of collecting coincided with an abundant availability of exceptional Chinese art on the London market. From the mid-1950s to the late 1960s he was able to form a collection of well over 1,000 works that together represented virtually every category of Chinese art. At the heart of Dr. Wou's drive to collect was a burning desire to preserve the relics of China's rich historical past scattered across Europe, and to promote Chinese art and culture. It is unclear when Dr. Wou conceived of the idea to create a place to house his collection, but in 1968 he opened the doors to the Wou Lien-Pai Museum, named in honor of his father. Over the years the Museum became a 'must see' destination for collectors, academics, and visiting dignitaries, and Dr. Wou would delight in leading his visitors through the galleries, recounting stories of China's glorious history.
Condition: Condition commensurate with age. Old wear, weathering and erosion, nibbling, some chips and losses. The stone with natural fissures, some of which may have developed into small hairline cracks over time.
Weight: 7.2 g
Dimensions: Length 7.6 cm
Expert's note (added 20.2.2023): Jades such as the present lot can be dated to as early as the Shang Dynasty. It has been theorized that they were once made as adornments and supports for elaborate lacquer vessels imitating the designs of ritual bronzes (see image section). None of these complete vessels have ever been found. This original intended use eventually fell out of fashion with the repurposing of these archaic examples for bodily adornment. See Qian Yang's thesis: The Circulation of Jades in Early China (Late Neolithic - Eastern Zhou, ca. 4500 -221 B.C.).
Literature comparison:
Compare a closely related jade plaque, described as a fish, Western Zhou dynasty, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 24.51.7. Compare a closely related jade plaque of a bird, in the British Museum, accession number 1947,0712.465, and illustrated in J. Rawson, Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Qing, British Museum, 1995, p. 227, fig. 1, where she notes that during the Western Zhou dynasty, the tail became more horizontal and looks more like a 'fish' tail, such is the case for the present lot.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Related
Auction: Sotheby's Hong Kong, 26 May 2021, lot 127
Price: HKD 56,700 or approx. EUR 6,900 converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A celadon jade 'bird' pendant, Western Zhou dynasty
Expert remark: Compare the related form and grooves. Note the much smaller size (5.3 cm).
西周鳥形玉珮
中國，公元前1100-1000 年。珮呈扁片狀，以陰刻線技法雕琢側面梟鳥造型，可辨羽翅與鳥尾。玉質，局部淺褐色沁與白色鈣化。
來源：吳權博士收藏；吳蓮伯美術館，館藏編號 E.3.21A-H。吳權(1910-1997)博士 曾是一位中國外交家以及知名中國藝術收藏家。他的父親吳蓮伯 (1873-1944)先生曾是二十世紀初中國重要政治人物，因在民國動蕩歲月中擔任國會議員及議長而聞名。1952 年，吳博士在外交領域走上了輝煌之路，直到他退休後定居倫敦，並將餘生奉獻給了對中國藝術的研究。毫無疑問，吳權博士多年的收藏，與大量中國藝術珍品現身倫敦藝術市場上時間點相呼應，這無疑是幸運的。從 1950 年代中期到 1960 年代後期，他收集了 1,000 多件藏品，涵蓋了中國藝術的每一個門類。吳博士之所以收藏，其原因主要是爲保護散落歐洲各地的中國文物與推廣中國藝術與文化。尚不清楚吳博士何時想到創建一個美術館來歸置他的收藏的，但在 1968 年，他打開了以他父親的名字命名的 吳蓮伯美術館的大門。多年來，美術館已成為收藏家、學者和來訪政要的必經之地，而吳博士總是很樂意給參觀者介紹美術館，講述中國光輝歷史的故事。
品相：品相良好，有磨損、風化和侵蝕、磕損、刻痕和缺損，具有天然裂紋的石料，隨著時間的推移，其中一些可能已經發展成細小的裂紋。
重量：7.2 克
尺寸：長7.6 厘米
文獻比較：
比較一件非常相近的西周玉雕魚，收藏於大都會藝術博物館，館藏編號24.51.7。比較一件非常相近的玉鳥 ，收藏於大英博物館，館藏編號1947,0712.465，見J. Rawson，《Chinese Jades from the Neolithic to the Qing》，大英博物館，1995年，頁227，圖1；他在書中指出，在西周時期，鳥尾巴會被雕刻地較水平，看起來更像一條“魚”尾巴，這就是本拍品的情況。
拍賣結果比較：
形制：相近
拍賣：香港蘇富比，2021年5月26日，lot 127
價格：HKD 56,700（相當於今日EUR 6,900）
描述：西周青白玉鳥形珮
專家評論：比較相近的外形和凹槽。請注意尺寸小很多(5.3 厘米)。
Fine Chinese Art / 中國藝術集珍 / Buddhism & Hinduism
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§ 1) The auction shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the rules of procedure of GALERIE ZACKE©, SZA VERSTEIGERUNGEN UND VERTRIEBS GMBH, MARIAHILFERSTRASSE 112, 1070 WIEN (hereinafter referred to as the company) as well as in accordance with sections 244-246 of the GEWERBEORDNUNG [Industrial Code] of 1994. The auction shall be carried out on commission. The auctioneer shall be entitled to withdraw lots exceptionally, to conduct the auction deviating from the order of the catalog numbers and to offer lots jointly. In the event of any dispute concerning a double bid or if the auctioneer has missed a bid, the auctioneer shall be entitled to revoke acceptance of a bid and to continue auctioning the item. The figures stated in the catalog shall be the highest bid in Euro (€) expected by the respective expert. As a rule, the bid shall be increased by 10% of the last bid. (See table of the bidding increments).
§ 2) The acceptance of a bid shall be granted to the highest bidder unless a hidden reserve has been agreed upon with the consignor of the item in question. Such a hidden reserve (also called limit or just reserve) shall be the minimum price under which the item will not be sold during the auction. This reserve will be disclosed upon request and after the auction only and may exceed the estimate. The auctioneer will in this case bid on behalf of the seller against all other bidders until the reserve has been reached. If a reserve is not reached during the auction, the auctioneer will knock down the item to the highest bidder at the final bid, but the sale will be conditional of the acceptance of this final bid by the seller. In this case the highest bidder shall be bound to his/her last bid for a term of 8 days starting with the day of the knockdown. If the winning bidder does not receive a written cancellation notice within this term of 8 days, the knockdown becomes unconditional and the sale is final. Typically, only a minority of all items in an auction have a hidden reserve.
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§ 10) The company’s experts evaluate and describe the items received for auction and determine the starting prices unless otherwise stated in the catalog or expert opinion. The information concerning production technique or material, state of preservation, origin, design and age of an item is based on published or otherwise generally accessible (scientific) findings concluded by the company’s expert with the necessary care and accuracy. The company shall warrant to the buyer according to §34-38 of the AGB (Terms and Conditions) that properties are correct provided that any complaints referring to this are made within 45 days after the auction day. Subsequent complaints shall be excluded in principle. The company shall not be liable for any further information in the catalog and expert opinion as well. This shall also apply to illustrations in the catalog. The purpose of these illustrations is to guide the potential buyer during the preview. They shall not be authoritative for the condition or the characteristics of the pictured item. The published condition reports shall only mention defects and damage affecting the artistic or commercial value significantly. Complaints concerning the price shall be excluded upon acceptance of the bid. The company reserves the right to amend the catalog online prior to the auction. These amendments shall also be made public orally by the auctioneer during the auction. In this case, the company shall be liable for the amendment only. All items offered may be checked prior to the auction. These items are used. Any claims for damages exceeding the liability named above and resulting from other material defects or other defects of the item shall be excluded. When making the bid, the bidder confirms that he/she has inspected the item prior to the auction and has made sure that the item corresponds to the description.
§ 11) If a customer is not able to participate in an auction personally, the company shall accept purchase orders. These orders may be placed in writing via mail, e-mail, fax, www.zacke.at or a third party bidding platform. In the case of a purchase order placed by phone or orally, the company shall reserve the right to make the performance dependent on a confirmation from the principal communicated in writing. Furthermore, the company shall not be liable for the performance of purchase orders. Equal purchase orders or live bids will be considered in the order of their receipt. Bids which below the estimate shall be exhausted completely. Bids which do not correspond to the increments determined by the company (see bidding increment table) will be rounded up to the next higher increment. The table of these increments can be sent upon request. The written bid (purchase order) must include the item, the catalog number and the offered top bid limit which is quoted as the amount of the acceptance of the bid without buyer’s commission and without taxes. Ambiguities shall be carried by the bidder. A purchase order which has already been placed may only be cancelled if the written withdrawal is received by the company at least 72 hours prior to the beginning of the auction.
§ 12) The company may refuse a purchase order without explanation or make its execution dependent on payment of a security deposit. In the event of an unsuccessful order, such a deposit will be reimbursed by the company within 5 working days. Processing of purchase orders is free of charge.
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§ 17) Payments made to the company by mistake (through the payer ś fault) (e. g. due to miscalculation of the exchange rate by the payer) or payments made to the company for the same invoice several times shall be compensated in form of a credit note for goods for an indefinite period of time. The repayment of such payments in cash shall be excluded.
§ 18) Certain auction lots may exist several times (multiples). In such a case, the auctioneer may accept a second, third or even more bids from the underbidder(s). In this case, the text in the catalog and not the illustration shall be exclusively binding with regard to the warranty.
§ 19) The company reserves the right to assign to the buyer all rights and obligations resulting from the contractual relationship between the company and the seller by way of a respective declaration, as well as to assign to the seller all rights and obligations resulting from the contractual relationship between the company and the buyer by way of a respective declaration, in each case in terms of a complete assignment of contract with the result that the contractual relationship - following the submission of the aforementioned declarations by the company – shall exclusively be between the seller and the buyer, all of which is in accordance with the basic model of the commission agreement. Buyers and sellers shall already now give their explicit consent to this contract assignment.
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§ 21) The export of certain art objects from Austria shall require a permit from the Bundesdenkmalamt [Federal Monuments Office]. The company will orally provide information about art objects for which such export permit will probably not be granted at the beginning of the auction.
§ 22) Whenever making a bid, whether personally or via an agent, in writing, online, telephone, or in any other way, the bidder fully and unconditionally accepts the Terms of Auction, the ‘Important Information’ section in the auction catalog, the Terms and Conditions (AGB) of Galerie Zacke, §1-48, the Fee Tariff, and the Bidding Increments table, all as published on www.zacke.at on the day of the auction.
