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Luis Tristán (Toledo, circa 1580/85 - 1624)
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Description
Luis Tristán (Toledo, c. 1580/85 - 1624)"Saint Hermenegild in prison"Oil on canvas. 204 x 106 cm.A certificate from Mr. José Gómez Frechina is attached, dated October 14, 2022.As we read in the certificate:"Luis Tristán de Escamilla -also cited by sources as Luis Rodríguez Tristán- was an important interpreter of the beginnings of naturalism in El Greco's Toledo and is better known by artistic historiography as Luis Tristán.He initially trained - documented between 1603 and 1606 - in the workshop of the Cretan painter Doménikos Theotokópoulos (Heraklion, 1541 – Toledo, 1614), he became friends with his painter son Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli and went to Italy in his youth, as the painter and treatise writer Jusepe Martínez from Aragon notes, where he was strongly influenced by Caravaggio's tenebrism.In 1612, Luis Tristán appears documented again in Toledo after his Italian experience, undertaking numerous commissions until his early death in 1624. Tristán's style combines the mannerism of El Greco, the spirit of the reformed Tuscans from Escorial, the forms of the painter Roman Orazio Borgianni and the Roman realism related to Caravaggio.The work that concerns us includes the theme of "Saint Hermenegild in prison" and is an unpublished work by the painter Luis Tristán due to its stylistic characteristics and was made in the last period of the painter in his native Toledo.Hermenegild, a Spanish-Visigothic prince from the 6th century, was the son of King Liuvigild and brother of Reccared. He converted from Arianism to Catholicism under the influence of the Archbishop of Seville Saint Leander and by his marriage to the Frankish Catholic princess Ingunda in 579. Being Governor Regent of Baetica, Hermenegild conspired against his father Liuvigild and after the rebellion was put down he was sent to Tarragona prison. There he refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop, remaining faithful to Catholicism and was beheaded on April 13, 585 by his jailer Sisberto.Worship of Saint Hermenegild came with the authorization and canonization of Pope Sixtus V in 1585 at the request of King Philip II, a thousand years after his martyrdom, which promoted worship of him among the faithful. Philip II ordered the transfer of his head, which was kept in the monastery of Sijena (Huesca) to El Escorial, increasing his collection of relics there.Tristán represents San Hermenegild dressed as a king with armour, ermine mantle, ruff, cuffs and royal crown. As a symbol of his captivity, he wears a ring around his neck with a chain of thick links. The young king directs his gaze upwards and in his confinement witnesses a burst of glory with small tongues of fire as at the Pentecost prior to his imminent martyrdom. The cherubs are similar to those of the "Immaculate Conception" by Luis Tristán in the church of San Julián de Santa Olalla (Toledo)."The certificate also includes the reference bibliography consulted by José Gómez Frechina.
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Luis Tristán (Toledo, c. 1580/85 - 1624)"Saint Hermenegild in prison"Oil on canvas. 204 x 106 cm.A certificate from Mr. José Gómez Frechina is attached, dated October 14, 2022.As we read in the certificate:"Luis Tristán de Escamilla -also cited by sources as Luis Rodríguez Tristán- was an important interpreter of the beginnings of naturalism in El Greco's Toledo and is better known by artistic historiography as Luis Tristán.He initially trained - documented between 1603 and 1606 - in the workshop of the Cretan painter Doménikos Theotokópoulos (Heraklion, 1541 – Toledo, 1614), he became friends with his painter son Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli and went to Italy in his youth, as the painter and treatise writer Jusepe Martínez from Aragon notes, where he was strongly influenced by Caravaggio's tenebrism.In 1612, Luis Tristán appears documented again in Toledo after his Italian experience, undertaking numerous commissions until his early death in 1624. Tristán's style combines the mannerism of El Greco, the spirit of the reformed Tuscans from Escorial, the forms of the painter Roman Orazio Borgianni and the Roman realism related to Caravaggio.The work that concerns us includes the theme of "Saint Hermenegild in prison" and is an unpublished work by the painter Luis Tristán due to its stylistic characteristics and was made in the last period of the painter in his native Toledo.Hermenegild, a Spanish-Visigothic prince from the 6th century, was the son of King Liuvigild and brother of Reccared. He converted from Arianism to Catholicism under the influence of the Archbishop of Seville Saint Leander and by his marriage to the Frankish Catholic princess Ingunda in 579. Being Governor Regent of Baetica, Hermenegild conspired against his father Liuvigild and after the rebellion was put down he was sent to Tarragona prison. There he refused to receive communion from an Arian bishop, remaining faithful to Catholicism and was beheaded on April 13, 585 by his jailer Sisberto.Worship of Saint Hermenegild came with the authorization and canonization of Pope Sixtus V in 1585 at the request of King Philip II, a thousand years after his martyrdom, which promoted worship of him among the faithful. Philip II ordered the transfer of his head, which was kept in the monastery of Sijena (Huesca) to El Escorial, increasing his collection of relics there.Tristán represents San Hermenegild dressed as a king with armour, ermine mantle, ruff, cuffs and royal crown. As a symbol of his captivity, he wears a ring around his neck with a chain of thick links. The young king directs his gaze upwards and in his confinement witnesses a burst of glory with small tongues of fire as at the Pentecost prior to his imminent martyrdom. The cherubs are similar to those of the "Immaculate Conception" by Luis Tristán in the church of San Julián de Santa Olalla (Toledo)."The certificate also includes the reference bibliography consulted by José Gómez Frechina.
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