3035
FERDINAND HODLER
(Bern 1853-1918 Geneva)
Lake Geneva, seen from Chexbres. Circa 1911.
Oil on canvas.
Signed lower right: F. Hodler.
68 × 90.5 cm.
Provenance: - Galerie Neupert, Zurich, 26.11.1926. - Hermann Franck, Zurich, 2.12.1926. - G. & L. Bollag, Zurich, 23.10.1931, Los 76. - Arnold Mettler-Specker, St. Gallen, 1931. - Kunst & Spiegel AG., Zurich, 27.10.1932, ill. pl. 19. - Hans Leemann, Arlesheim, 1944. - Collection of Karl Steiner, from 1972. - Swiss private collection. Exhibited: - Berlin 1928, Ferdinand Hodler, Galerie Alfred Flechtheim, 6.1928, no. 40, as 'Der Genevaersee, 1911', with ill. p. 5. - Zurich 1928, Ausstellung Ferd. Hodler, Galerie Neupert 1928, no. 47, 10.1928, as 'Genevaersee, 1914'. - Basel 1943, Kunstwerke des 19. Jh. aus Basler Privatbesitz, Kunsthalle Basel, 1.5.–4.7.1943, no. 369, as 'Genevaersee von Chexbres aus gesehen, 1905'. - Lausanne 1944, Les peintres du Léman, Musée cantonal des beaux-arts, 17.6.–24.9.1944, no. 185, as 'Paysage du lac Léman'. Literature: - Carl Albert Loosli: Generalkatalog in: Ferdinand Hodler. Leben, Werk und Nachlass, Suter 1921–24, (supplement to the general catalogue), 2.12.1926, no. 2374, as 'Genevaersee von Caux aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1912'. - Werner Y. Müller: Die Kunst Ferdinand Hodlers. Gesamtdarstellung. Vol. 2. Reife und Spätwerke 1895–1918, Zurich 1941, no. 518, as 'Der Genevaersee (Bucht von Cully) von Chexbres aus, 1914 (Mühlesteinsche Fassung)'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler, einige Werke aus der Sammlung Karl G. Steiner, Zurich, 1981, p. 76–96, ill. 13, as 'Genevaersee von Chexbres aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1911'. - Guido Magnaguagno: Landschaften. Ferdinand Hodlers Beitrag zur symbolistischen Landschaftsmalerei, in: Exh. cat. Ferdinand Hodler, Berlin/Paris/Zurich 1983, p. 318, as 'Genevaerseelandschaft von Chexbres aus, 1911'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler als Schüler von Ferdinand Sommer in: Exh. cat. Kunstsammlung Steffisburg; museo civico di belle arti, Lugano; Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, 1984, p. 132, as 'Genevaersee, von Chexbres aus, um 1911'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler. Sammlung Steiner, Zurich, 1997, p. 211, 214, ill. 71, as 'Genevaersee bei bewölktem Himmel von Chexbres aus, 1911'. - Oskar Bätschmann and Paul Müller: Ferdinand Hodler. Catalogue raisonné der Gemälde, pub. Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaft, vol. II-2, Die Landschaften, Zurich 2012, p. 360, no. 430 (with ill.). Hodler first chose to represent the view across Lake Geneva from the village of Chexbres in 1895 on the occasion of his participation in the Concours Calame, which the Société des Arts had announced for its tenth landscape competition. This was followed by eleven additional versions of this motif, which — except for the version from 1898 — were created in short intervals during a first period in 1904-05 and a second period circa 1911. The present work from the important collection of Karl Steiner is “firstly of particular interest because it, as the last version, quite properly crowns Hodler’s series of this motif" (Jura Brüschweiler 1981). It is the most radical work from the series of the Chexbres paintings and the only one in which Hodler has almost completely eliminated all staffage. Not one tree or structure disturbs the magnificent rhythm of the coastline, which separates the green of the narrow strip of landscape from the blue-grey of the lake and the sky. The view is freed to reveal an atmospheric, seemingly infinite landscape. Hodler knew the view and was conscious of the merit of the composition opening up before him, outlining it with fast brushstrokes in order to capture the mood of that cloudy day, likely in a short sitting and in one go. As expressed by Jura Brüschweiler, "This version of the famous motif stands out not only due to the liberating vastness of the deep view depicted in the landscape, through the clarity of the composition and the generosity of the brush — all characteristics that also appear in the earlier versions — but also due to the pictorial features that still appear to be unusual even for Hodler at that time: the rhythmisation of the strips of clouds almost to the point of abstraction and the reduction of the colour scheme to melancholic shades of grey, which are interwoven with gentle pink reflections of the evening sun. Hodler has eliminated everything postcard pretty that could have contributed to lending certain earlier versions of ‘Lake Geneva, view from Chexbres' a slight anecdotal or predominantly decorative tinge (…) Thereover, the wavy lake surface with fine blue folds stretches to the horizon where it flows together with the grey-blue billows of the clouds. Hodler has also not applied the parallelistic design principle here with its sometimes all too simplifying consequence, but has instead contrapuntally modified it, the elliptical shore line not responding to a similar strip of clouds, but rather to the fugal repeated horizontals of distributed cloud strips. In this picture, Hodler’s use of colour, which one is usually inclined to subordinate to his lines, finally attains equal importance due to expressive, harmonious and fine chromatic gradations.” (Jura Brüschweiler 1981)
(Bern 1853–1918 Genf)
Genfersee von Chexbres aus. Um 1911.
Öl auf Leinwand.
Unten rechts signiert: F. Hodler.
68 × 90,5 cm.
Provenienz: - Galerie Neupert, Zürich, 26.11.1926. - Hermann Franck, Zürich, 2.12.1926. - G. & L. Bollag, Zürich, 23.10.1931, Los 76. - Arnold Mettler-Specker, St. Gallen, 1931. - Kunst & Spiegel AG., Zürich, 27.10.1932, Abb. Taf. 19. - Hans Leemann, Arlesheim, 1944. - Sammlung Karl Steiner, seit 1972. - Schweizer Privatsammlung. Ausstellungen: - Berlin 1928, Ferdinand Hodler, Galerie Alfred Flechtheim, 6.1928, Nr. 40, als "Der Genfersee, 1911", mit Abb. S. 5. - Zürich 1928, Ausstellung Ferd. Hodler, Galerie Neupert 1928, Nr. 47, 10.1928, als "Genfersee, 1914". - Basel 1943, Kunstwerke des 19. Jh. aus Basler Privatbesitz, Kunsthalle Basel, 1.5.–4.7.1943, Nr. 369, als "Genfersee von Chexbres aus gesehen, 1905". - Lausanne 1944, Les peintres du Léman, Musée cantonal des beaux-arts, 17.6.–24.9.1944, Nr. 185, als "Paysage du lac Léman". Literatur: - Carl Albert Loosli: Generalkatalog in: Ferdinand Hodler. Leben, Werk und Nachlass, Suter 1921–24, (GK Nachtrag), 2.12.1926, Nr. 2374, als "Genfersee von Caux aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1912". - Werner Y. Müller: Die Kunst Ferdinand Hodlers. Gesamtdarstellung. Band 2. Reife und Spätwerke 1895–1918, Zürich 1941, Nr. 518, als "Der Genfersee (Bucht von Cully) von Chexbres aus, 1914 (Mühlesteinsche Fassung)". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler, einige Werke aus der Sammlung Karl G. Steiner, Zürich, 1981, S. 76–96, Abb. 13, als "Genfersee von Chexbres aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1911". - Guido Magnaguagno: Landschaften. Ferdinand Hodlers Beitrag zur symbolistischen Landschaftsmalerei, in: Ausst.-Kat. Ferdinand Hodler, Berlin/Paris/Zürich 1983, S. 318, als "Genferseelandschaft von Chexbres aus, 1911". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler als Schüler von Ferdinand Sommer in: Ausst.-Kat. Kunstsammlung Steffisburg; museo civico di belle arti, Lugano; Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, 1984, S. 132, als "Genfersee, von Chexbres aus, um 1911". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler. Sammlung Steiner, Zürich, 1997, S. 211, 214, Abb. 71, als "Genfersee bei bewölktem Himmel von Chexbres aus, 1911". - Oskar Bätschmann und Paul Müller: Ferdinand Hodler. Catalogue raisonné der Gemälde, Hrsg. Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaft, Bd. II-2, Die Landschaften, Zürich 2012, S. 360, Nr. 430 (mit Abb.). Hodler wählte den Blick von Chexbres über den Genfersee zum ersten Mal 1895 anlässlich seiner Teilnahme am Concours Calame, den die Société des Arts für den zehnten Landschaftswettbewerb ausgeschrieben hatte. Es folgten 11 weitere Fassungen dieses Motivs, die – bis auf diejenige von 1898 – jeweils in kurzen Zeitabständen in einer ersten Phase in den Jahren 1904/05 und in einer zweiten Phase um 1911 entstanden. Das hier vorliegende Werk aus der bedeutenden Sammlung Karl Steiner ist "zunächst deshalb von besonderem Interesse, weil sie, als letzte Version, Hodlers Werkreihe zu diesem Motiv ganz eigentlich krönt" (Jura Brüschweiler 1981). Es ist das radikalste Werk aus der Reihe der Chexbres-Bilder und das einzige, in welchem Hodler auf sämtliche Staffagemomente fast vollständig verzichtet. Kein Baum und kein Gebäude stören den grossartigen Rhythmus der Küstenlinie, die das Grün des schmalen Landschaftsstreifen vom Blaugrau des Sees und des Himmels scheidet. Der Blick wird frei auf eine atmosphärische, unendlich sich zu erstrecken scheinendende Landschaft. Hodler kennt den Blick, er weiss um den Wert der sich ihm eröffnenden Komposition, die er mit schnellen Pinselzügen umreisst, um dann die Stimmung dieses bewölkten Tages wohl in einer kurzen Sitzung und in einem Zuge einzufangen. Jura Brüschweiler formulierte es wie folgt: „Diese Fassung des berühmten Motivs zeichnet sich nicht nur durch die befreiende Weite des in der Tiefsicht geschilderten Landschaftsbildes aus, durch die Klarheit der Bildanlage und die Grosszügigkeit der Pinselschrift – alles Eigenschaften, die ebenfalls in den früheren Fassungen zutage treten -, sondern auch durch malerische Eigenschaften, die zu jener Zeit selbst bei Hodler noch als ungewöhnlich erscheinen: die fast bis zur Abstraktion geführte Rhythmisierung der Wolkenstreifen und die Beschränkung der Farbskala auf melancholisch wirkende Grautöne, die von sanften rosa Reflexen der Abendsonne durchwirkt sind. Alles postkartenartig Hübsche, das dazu beitragen könnte, gewissen früheren Fassungen des Genfersees von Chexbres aus einen leisen anekdotischen oder vornehmlich dekorativen Anhauch zu verleihen, hat Hodler ausgemerzt. (…) Darüber dehnt sich die mit feinen blauen Falten gewellte Seefläche bis zum Horizont aus, wo sie mit den graublauen Wogen des Gewölks zusammenfliesst. Auch das parallelistische Prinzip hat Hodler hier nicht mit seiner manchmal allzu vereinfachenden Konsequenz angewandt, sondern kontrapunktisch abgewandelt, antwortet doch der elliptischen Uferlinie nicht ein gleichartiger Wolkenstreifen, sondern die fugenartig weiderholte Horizontale zergliederter Wolkenstreifen. Endlich gelangt in diesem Bild Hodlers Farbgebung, die man gewöhnlich seiner Linienführung unterzuordnen geneigt ist, zu gleichwertiger Geltung dank ausdrucksvoller harmonischer und feiner chromatischer Stufungen.“ (Jura Brüschweiler 1981)
(Bern 1853-1918 Geneva)
Lake Geneva, seen from Chexbres. Circa 1911.
Oil on canvas.
Signed lower right: F. Hodler.
68 × 90.5 cm.
Provenance: - Galerie Neupert, Zurich, 26.11.1926. - Hermann Franck, Zurich, 2.12.1926. - G. & L. Bollag, Zurich, 23.10.1931, Los 76. - Arnold Mettler-Specker, St. Gallen, 1931. - Kunst & Spiegel AG., Zurich, 27.10.1932, ill. pl. 19. - Hans Leemann, Arlesheim, 1944. - Collection of Karl Steiner, from 1972. - Swiss private collection. Exhibited: - Berlin 1928, Ferdinand Hodler, Galerie Alfred Flechtheim, 6.1928, no. 40, as 'Der Genevaersee, 1911', with ill. p. 5. - Zurich 1928, Ausstellung Ferd. Hodler, Galerie Neupert 1928, no. 47, 10.1928, as 'Genevaersee, 1914'. - Basel 1943, Kunstwerke des 19. Jh. aus Basler Privatbesitz, Kunsthalle Basel, 1.5.–4.7.1943, no. 369, as 'Genevaersee von Chexbres aus gesehen, 1905'. - Lausanne 1944, Les peintres du Léman, Musée cantonal des beaux-arts, 17.6.–24.9.1944, no. 185, as 'Paysage du lac Léman'. Literature: - Carl Albert Loosli: Generalkatalog in: Ferdinand Hodler. Leben, Werk und Nachlass, Suter 1921–24, (supplement to the general catalogue), 2.12.1926, no. 2374, as 'Genevaersee von Caux aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1912'. - Werner Y. Müller: Die Kunst Ferdinand Hodlers. Gesamtdarstellung. Vol. 2. Reife und Spätwerke 1895–1918, Zurich 1941, no. 518, as 'Der Genevaersee (Bucht von Cully) von Chexbres aus, 1914 (Mühlesteinsche Fassung)'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler, einige Werke aus der Sammlung Karl G. Steiner, Zurich, 1981, p. 76–96, ill. 13, as 'Genevaersee von Chexbres aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1911'. - Guido Magnaguagno: Landschaften. Ferdinand Hodlers Beitrag zur symbolistischen Landschaftsmalerei, in: Exh. cat. Ferdinand Hodler, Berlin/Paris/Zurich 1983, p. 318, as 'Genevaerseelandschaft von Chexbres aus, 1911'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler als Schüler von Ferdinand Sommer in: Exh. cat. Kunstsammlung Steffisburg; museo civico di belle arti, Lugano; Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, 1984, p. 132, as 'Genevaersee, von Chexbres aus, um 1911'. - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler. Sammlung Steiner, Zurich, 1997, p. 211, 214, ill. 71, as 'Genevaersee bei bewölktem Himmel von Chexbres aus, 1911'. - Oskar Bätschmann and Paul Müller: Ferdinand Hodler. Catalogue raisonné der Gemälde, pub. Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaft, vol. II-2, Die Landschaften, Zurich 2012, p. 360, no. 430 (with ill.). Hodler first chose to represent the view across Lake Geneva from the village of Chexbres in 1895 on the occasion of his participation in the Concours Calame, which the Société des Arts had announced for its tenth landscape competition. This was followed by eleven additional versions of this motif, which — except for the version from 1898 — were created in short intervals during a first period in 1904-05 and a second period circa 1911. The present work from the important collection of Karl Steiner is “firstly of particular interest because it, as the last version, quite properly crowns Hodler’s series of this motif" (Jura Brüschweiler 1981). It is the most radical work from the series of the Chexbres paintings and the only one in which Hodler has almost completely eliminated all staffage. Not one tree or structure disturbs the magnificent rhythm of the coastline, which separates the green of the narrow strip of landscape from the blue-grey of the lake and the sky. The view is freed to reveal an atmospheric, seemingly infinite landscape. Hodler knew the view and was conscious of the merit of the composition opening up before him, outlining it with fast brushstrokes in order to capture the mood of that cloudy day, likely in a short sitting and in one go. As expressed by Jura Brüschweiler, "This version of the famous motif stands out not only due to the liberating vastness of the deep view depicted in the landscape, through the clarity of the composition and the generosity of the brush — all characteristics that also appear in the earlier versions — but also due to the pictorial features that still appear to be unusual even for Hodler at that time: the rhythmisation of the strips of clouds almost to the point of abstraction and the reduction of the colour scheme to melancholic shades of grey, which are interwoven with gentle pink reflections of the evening sun. Hodler has eliminated everything postcard pretty that could have contributed to lending certain earlier versions of ‘Lake Geneva, view from Chexbres' a slight anecdotal or predominantly decorative tinge (…) Thereover, the wavy lake surface with fine blue folds stretches to the horizon where it flows together with the grey-blue billows of the clouds. Hodler has also not applied the parallelistic design principle here with its sometimes all too simplifying consequence, but has instead contrapuntally modified it, the elliptical shore line not responding to a similar strip of clouds, but rather to the fugal repeated horizontals of distributed cloud strips. In this picture, Hodler’s use of colour, which one is usually inclined to subordinate to his lines, finally attains equal importance due to expressive, harmonious and fine chromatic gradations.” (Jura Brüschweiler 1981)
(Bern 1853–1918 Genf)
Genfersee von Chexbres aus. Um 1911.
Öl auf Leinwand.
Unten rechts signiert: F. Hodler.
68 × 90,5 cm.
Provenienz: - Galerie Neupert, Zürich, 26.11.1926. - Hermann Franck, Zürich, 2.12.1926. - G. & L. Bollag, Zürich, 23.10.1931, Los 76. - Arnold Mettler-Specker, St. Gallen, 1931. - Kunst & Spiegel AG., Zürich, 27.10.1932, Abb. Taf. 19. - Hans Leemann, Arlesheim, 1944. - Sammlung Karl Steiner, seit 1972. - Schweizer Privatsammlung. Ausstellungen: - Berlin 1928, Ferdinand Hodler, Galerie Alfred Flechtheim, 6.1928, Nr. 40, als "Der Genfersee, 1911", mit Abb. S. 5. - Zürich 1928, Ausstellung Ferd. Hodler, Galerie Neupert 1928, Nr. 47, 10.1928, als "Genfersee, 1914". - Basel 1943, Kunstwerke des 19. Jh. aus Basler Privatbesitz, Kunsthalle Basel, 1.5.–4.7.1943, Nr. 369, als "Genfersee von Chexbres aus gesehen, 1905". - Lausanne 1944, Les peintres du Léman, Musée cantonal des beaux-arts, 17.6.–24.9.1944, Nr. 185, als "Paysage du lac Léman". Literatur: - Carl Albert Loosli: Generalkatalog in: Ferdinand Hodler. Leben, Werk und Nachlass, Suter 1921–24, (GK Nachtrag), 2.12.1926, Nr. 2374, als "Genfersee von Caux aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1912". - Werner Y. Müller: Die Kunst Ferdinand Hodlers. Gesamtdarstellung. Band 2. Reife und Spätwerke 1895–1918, Zürich 1941, Nr. 518, als "Der Genfersee (Bucht von Cully) von Chexbres aus, 1914 (Mühlesteinsche Fassung)". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler, einige Werke aus der Sammlung Karl G. Steiner, Zürich, 1981, S. 76–96, Abb. 13, als "Genfersee von Chexbres aus mit bewölktem Himmel, 1911". - Guido Magnaguagno: Landschaften. Ferdinand Hodlers Beitrag zur symbolistischen Landschaftsmalerei, in: Ausst.-Kat. Ferdinand Hodler, Berlin/Paris/Zürich 1983, S. 318, als "Genferseelandschaft von Chexbres aus, 1911". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler als Schüler von Ferdinand Sommer in: Ausst.-Kat. Kunstsammlung Steffisburg; museo civico di belle arti, Lugano; Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, 1984, S. 132, als "Genfersee, von Chexbres aus, um 1911". - Jura Brüschweiler: Ferdinand Hodler. Sammlung Steiner, Zürich, 1997, S. 211, 214, Abb. 71, als "Genfersee bei bewölktem Himmel von Chexbres aus, 1911". - Oskar Bätschmann und Paul Müller: Ferdinand Hodler. Catalogue raisonné der Gemälde, Hrsg. Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaft, Bd. II-2, Die Landschaften, Zürich 2012, S. 360, Nr. 430 (mit Abb.). Hodler wählte den Blick von Chexbres über den Genfersee zum ersten Mal 1895 anlässlich seiner Teilnahme am Concours Calame, den die Société des Arts für den zehnten Landschaftswettbewerb ausgeschrieben hatte. Es folgten 11 weitere Fassungen dieses Motivs, die – bis auf diejenige von 1898 – jeweils in kurzen Zeitabständen in einer ersten Phase in den Jahren 1904/05 und in einer zweiten Phase um 1911 entstanden. Das hier vorliegende Werk aus der bedeutenden Sammlung Karl Steiner ist "zunächst deshalb von besonderem Interesse, weil sie, als letzte Version, Hodlers Werkreihe zu diesem Motiv ganz eigentlich krönt" (Jura Brüschweiler 1981). Es ist das radikalste Werk aus der Reihe der Chexbres-Bilder und das einzige, in welchem Hodler auf sämtliche Staffagemomente fast vollständig verzichtet. Kein Baum und kein Gebäude stören den grossartigen Rhythmus der Küstenlinie, die das Grün des schmalen Landschaftsstreifen vom Blaugrau des Sees und des Himmels scheidet. Der Blick wird frei auf eine atmosphärische, unendlich sich zu erstrecken scheinendende Landschaft. Hodler kennt den Blick, er weiss um den Wert der sich ihm eröffnenden Komposition, die er mit schnellen Pinselzügen umreisst, um dann die Stimmung dieses bewölkten Tages wohl in einer kurzen Sitzung und in einem Zuge einzufangen. Jura Brüschweiler formulierte es wie folgt: „Diese Fassung des berühmten Motivs zeichnet sich nicht nur durch die befreiende Weite des in der Tiefsicht geschilderten Landschaftsbildes aus, durch die Klarheit der Bildanlage und die Grosszügigkeit der Pinselschrift – alles Eigenschaften, die ebenfalls in den früheren Fassungen zutage treten -, sondern auch durch malerische Eigenschaften, die zu jener Zeit selbst bei Hodler noch als ungewöhnlich erscheinen: die fast bis zur Abstraktion geführte Rhythmisierung der Wolkenstreifen und die Beschränkung der Farbskala auf melancholisch wirkende Grautöne, die von sanften rosa Reflexen der Abendsonne durchwirkt sind. Alles postkartenartig Hübsche, das dazu beitragen könnte, gewissen früheren Fassungen des Genfersees von Chexbres aus einen leisen anekdotischen oder vornehmlich dekorativen Anhauch zu verleihen, hat Hodler ausgemerzt. (…) Darüber dehnt sich die mit feinen blauen Falten gewellte Seefläche bis zum Horizont aus, wo sie mit den graublauen Wogen des Gewölks zusammenfliesst. Auch das parallelistische Prinzip hat Hodler hier nicht mit seiner manchmal allzu vereinfachenden Konsequenz angewandt, sondern kontrapunktisch abgewandelt, antwortet doch der elliptischen Uferlinie nicht ein gleichartiger Wolkenstreifen, sondern die fugenartig weiderholte Horizontale zergliederter Wolkenstreifen. Endlich gelangt in diesem Bild Hodlers Farbgebung, die man gewöhnlich seiner Linienführung unterzuordnen geneigt ist, zu gleichwertiger Geltung dank ausdrucksvoller harmonischer und feiner chromatischer Stufungen.“ (Jura Brüschweiler 1981)
Swiss Art (A197)
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4.5 The claims of the Purchaser against Koller under Clause 4.1 are limited to the reimbursement of the purchase price and surcharge (incl. VAT) paid by the Purchaser. Further or other claims of the Purchaser against Koller or its employees are excluded under any legal title whatsoever.
5. Participation in the auction
5.1 Any party may participate in an auction as a Purchaser. However, Koller reserves the right at its complete discretion to prevent any person entering its premises or attending or participating in its auctions.
5.2 Purchasers who are not personally known to Koller must register at least 48 hours before the auction, using the form provided for this purpose. A copy of the passport of the Purchaser must be enclosed with registration, signed with legal effect. In the event of every payment default of the Purchaser, Koller shall be entitled to charge the credit card of the Purchaser in accordance with the details provided on the registration form up to the level of the owed sum plus the expenses of the card provider.
5.3 If a Purchaser who is unknown to Koller is planning to bid for items with upper estimated values of more than CHF 15 000, he shall be required to present to Koller in advance a certificate of creditworthiness issued by a bank approved by Koller.
5.4 In the case of bids for items with upper estimated values of more than CHF 30 000, Koller may demand that the Purchaser first remits 20 % of the lower estimated value as security. Following the auction, Koller will offset this sum against its claims and the claims of the Seller, and will reimburse any possible surpluses to the Purchaser without delay.
6. Auction
6.1 Koller may initiate the auctioning of an item below the minimum selling price agreed upon with the Seller. A bid placed at an auction is a binding offer. The bidder shall remain bound by his bid until this is either outbid or rejected by Koller. Double bids shall immediately be called once again; in case of doubt, the auction management shall decide.
6.2 Koller may refuse a bid either without giving reasons or if a Purchaser fails to fulfil the conditions for participation in an auction pursuant to the above Clauses 5.2 to 5.4. Koller may also knock down or withdraw auctioned items without a sale even if this is not apparent to the auction participants.
6.3 Koller reserves the right to combine, separate or omit numbered lots in the catalogue or to offer them out of sequence. Koller reserves the right to sell lots “conditionally” at its sole discretion, in which event the hammer price will be considered as conditional and the highest bidder will remain bound by his bid for 14 days following the auction. The highest bidder will be released from all obligations if he does not receive a statement from Koller within this period declaring the hammer price as final.
6.4 Written bids from potential Purchasers who cannot attend the auction in person are accepted up to 48 hours before the bidding begins.
6.5 Potential Purchasers may bid by telephone if they have given written notice at least 48 hours before the auction starts. Koller does not accept telephone bids for amounts under CHF 500 and Purchasers are requested to leave a written bid or participate in the salesroom.
6.6 Potential Purchasers who intend to place their bids in the course of an Online Auction via the internet may participate in the auction once their registration applications have been approved by Koller. Koller reserves the right to decline registration applications at its discretion.
6.7 Koller refuses all liability for any kind of bids as well as advance notifications of telephone bidding which are not taken into consideration. Telephone bidders and persons giving written instructions are also subject to the provisions of Clause 5 relating to proof of identity and financial soundness. In the case of Purchasers who place bids in the course of an Online Auction via the internet, Clause 5 only applies with regards to financial soundness.
7. Transfer of title
Ownership of an auctioned item shall be transferred to the Purchaser as soon as the purchase price and the surcharge (incl. VAT) have been comprehensively paid and Koller has attributed these payments to the corresponding item.
8. Collection of the auctioned items
8.1 The auctioned items must be collected at the Purchaser's own expense within 7 days from the end of the auction during official opening hours. If time permits, the items may be handed over after each auction session. The handover shall be performed following comprehensive payment of the purchase price as well as the surcharge (incl. VAT) and the attribution of this sum to the auctioned item by Koller. Cheques offered as payment must be confirmed by the drawee bank before the auctioned item is handed over.
8.2 During the aforementioned period Koller shall be liable for loss, theft, damage or destruction of items which have been auctioned and paid for, but only up to the total of the auction price, surcharge and VAT. Koller ceases to have liability after the aforementioned period, and the Purchaser shall be responsible for ensuring adequate insurance cover for the auctioned item. No liability can be assumed for frames and glass. If the auctioned items are not collected within 7 days, Koller will store the works at a company of their choice at the purchaser’s own risk and expense or on their own premises at a daily rate of CHF 10 per object.
8.3 Transport orders may be sent to Koller in writing. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, transport insurance shall be taken out for the sold items at the expense of the Purchaser. Glazed pictures and fragile items shall not be sent by Koller.
9. Payment for the auctioned items
9.1 The invoice for a successful bid for an auctioned item is payable within 7 days from the end of the auction. Irrespective of the Purchaser's instructions, Koller may use any payments by the Purchaser as settlement for any debt owed by the Purchaser to Koller or the Seller and set off any debt which it owes to the Purchaser against its own claims. If the Purchaser defaults on a payment, default interest of 10 % p.a. shall be charged on top of the invoiced sum.
9.2 If the Purchaser does not pay or does not pay promptly, Koller may moreover in its own name and in the Seller's name optionally (i) insist on the fulfilment of the purchase agreement or (ii) without further notice withdraw from the purchase agreement and waive the subsequent performance of the Purchaser or assert a claim for compensation for non-performance; in the latter case Koller shall also be entitled, irrespective of a possible minimum sales price, to sell the item either directly or on the occasion of an auction, and may use the proceeds to reduce the debts of the Purchaser. Any possible sales price above the original hammer price shall be paid out to the Seller. The Purchaser is liable to Koller and the Seller for all prejudice caused by non-payment or late payment.
9.3 Koller retains a right of retention and a lien on all the Purchaser's items in its custody until full payment of all monies owed. Koller may exercise such liens in accordance with the legislation on the enforcement of debts or by private sale (including in its own name). The plea of prior lien exploitation pursuant to Art. 41 of the Swiss Debt Collection and Bankruptcy Act is excluded.
10. Representation
Each Purchaser shall be personally liable for the bid placed by him. Proof of the power of representation may be requested from persons bidding as agents for a third party or as an organ of a corporate body. The agent shall be jointly and severally liable with his principal for the fulfilment of all obligations.
11. Miscellaneous provisions
11.1 The auction shall be attended by an official from the city of Zurich. The attending official, the local authority and the state have no liability for the acts of Koller.
11.2 Koller reserves the right to publish illustrations and photographs of sold items in its own publications and the media and to publicise its services therewith.
11.3 The aforementioned provisions form part of each individual purchase agreement concluded at the auction. Amendments are binding only with Koller's written agreement.
11.4 The present Auction Conditions and all amendments thereof are governed by Swiss law.
11.5 The courts of the Canton of Zurich shall be exclusively responsible for settling disputes (including the assertion of offsetting and counterclaims) which arise out of or in conjunction with these Auction Conditions (including their validity, legal effect, interpretation or fulfilment). Koller may, however, initiate legal proceedings before any other competent court.