CIRCLE OF JOSHUA REYNOLDS PRA (1723-1792) Portrait of Sylvanus Groves, half length, wearing a wig,

GENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS
The Auctioneer carries on business on the following terms and conditions and on such other terms or conditions as may be
expressly agreed with the Auctioneer or set out in any relevant Catalogue. Conditions 12-21 relate mainly to buyers and con
ditions 22-32 relate mainly to sellers. Words and phrases with special meanings are defined in condition 1. Buyers and sellers
are requested to read carefully the Cataloguing Practice and Catalogue Explanation contained in condition 2.
DEFINITIONS
1. In these conditions the following words and expressions shall have the
following meanings:
Auctioneer - James Adam and Sons trading as Adam’s.
Auctioneer’s Commission - The commission payable to the Auctioneer by
the buyer and seller as specified in conditions 13 and 25.
Catalogue - Any advertisement, brochure, estimate, price or other publi
cation.
Forgery - A Lot which was made with the intention of deceiving with re
gard to authorship, culture, source, origin, date, age or period and which
is not shown to be such in the description therefore in the Catalogue and
the market value for which at the date of the auction was substantially
less than it would have been had the Lot been in accordance with the
Catalogue description.
Hammer Price - The price at which a Lot is knocked down by the Auction
eer to the buyer.
Lot - Any item which is deposited with the Auctioneer with a view to its
sale at auction and, in particular, the item or items described against any
Lot number in any Catalogue.
Proceeds of Sale - The net amount due to the seller being the Hammer
Price of the Lot after deducting the Auctioneer’s Commission thereon
under condition 25 the seller’s contribution towards insurance under
condition 26, such VAT as is chargeable and any other amounts due by
the seller to the Auctioneer in whatever capacity howsoever arising.
Registration Form or Register - The registration form (or, in the case of
persons who have previously attended at auctions held by the Auctioneer
and completed registration forms, the register maintained by the Auction
eer which is compiled from such registration forms) to be completed and
signed by each prospective buyer or, where the Auctioneer has acknowl
edged pursuant to condition 12 that a bidder is acting as agent on behalf
of a named principal, each such bidder prior to the commencement of an
auction.
Sale Order Form - The sale order form to be completed and signed by
each seller prior to the commencement of an auction.
Total Amount Due - The Hammer Price of the Lot sold, the Auctioneer’s
Commission due thereon under condition 13, such VAT as is chargeable
and any additional interest, expenses or charges due hereunder.
V.A.T. - Value Added Tax.
Cataloguing Practice & Catalogue Explanations
2. Terms used in Catalogues have the following meanings and the Cata
loguing Practice is as follows:
The first name or names and surname of the artist - In the opinion of the
Auctioneer a work by the artist.
The initials of the first name(s) and the surname of the artist - In the opin
ion of the Auctioneer a work of the period of the artist and which may be
in whole or in part the work of the artist.
The surname only of the artist - In the opinion of the Auctioneer a work of
the school or by one of the followers of the artist or in his style.
The surname of the artist preceded by ‘after’ - In the opinion of the Auc
tioneer a copy of the work of the artist.
Signed/Dated/Inscribed - In the opinion of tile Auctioneer the work has
been signed/dated/inscribed by the artist.
With Signature/With date/With inscription’- In the opinion of the Auction
eer the work has been signed/dated/inscribed by a person other than the
artist.
Attributed to - In the opinion of the Auctioneer, probably a work of the
artist.
Studio of/Workshop of - In the opinion of the Auctioneer a work executed
in the studio of the artist and possibly under his supervision.
Circle of - In the opinion of the Auctioneer a work of the period of the
artist and showing his influence.
Follower of - In the opinion of the Auctioneer a work executed in the
artist’s style yet not necessarily by a pupil.
Manner of - in the opinion of the Auctioneer a work executed in artist’s
style but of a later date.
GENERAL CONDITIONS
Auctioneer Acting as Agent
3. The Auctioneer is selling as agent for the seller unless it is specifical
ly stated to the contrary. The Auctioneer as agent for the seller is not
responsible for any default by the seller or the buyer. The auctioneer
reserves the right to bid on behalf of the seller.
Auctioneer Bidding on behalf of Buyer
4. It is suggested that the interests of prospective buyers are best
protected and served by the buyers attending at an auction. However,
the Auctioneer will, if instructed, execute bids on behalf of a prospective
buyer. Neither the Auctioneer nor its employees, servants or agents shall
be responsible for any neglect or default in executing bids or failing to
execute bids.
Admission to Auctions
5. The Auctioneer shall have the right exercisable in its absolute discretion
to refuse admission to its premises or attendance at its auctions by any
person.
Acceptance of Bids
6. The Auctioneer shall have the right exercisable in its absolute discretion
to refuse any bids, advance the bidding in any manner it may decide, with
draw or divide any Lot, combine any two or more Lots and, in the case of
a dispute, to put any Lot up for auction again.
Indemnities
7. Any indemnity given under these conditions shall extend to all actions,
proceedings, claims, demands, costs and expenses whatever and howso
ever incurred or suffered by the person entitled to the benefit of the in
demnity and the Auctioneer declares itself to be a trustee of the benefit of
every such indemnity for its employees, servants or agents to the extent
that such indemnity is expressed to be for their benefit.
Representations in Catalogues
8. Representations or statements made by the Auctioneer in any
Catalogue as to contribution, authorship, genuineness, source, origin,
date, age, provenance, condition or estimated selling price or value is
a statement of opinion only. Neither the Auctioneer nor its employees,
servants or agents shall be responsible for the accuracy of any such opin
ions. Every person interested in a Lot must exercise and rely on their own
judgment and opinion as to such matters.
9. The headings of the conditions herein contained are inserted for con
venience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to effect,
the meaning or interpretation thereof.
Governing Law
10. These conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with Irish Law.
Notices
11. Any notice or other communication required to be given by the
Auctioneer hereunder to a buyer or a seller shall, where required, be
in writing and shall be sufficiently given if delivered by hand or sent by
post to, in the case of the buyer, the address of the buyer specified in the
Registration Form or Register, and in the case of the seller, the address of
the seller specified in the Sale Order Form or to such other address as the
buyer or seller (as appropriate) may notify the Auctioneer in writing. Every
notice or communication given in accordance with this condition shall be
deemed to have been received if delivered by hand on the day and time
of delivery and if delivered by post three (3) business days after posting.
CONDITIONS WHICH MAINLY CONCERN THE BUYER
The Buyer
12. The buyer shall be the highest bidder acceptable to the Auctioneer
who buys at the Hammer Price. Any dispute which may arise with regard
to bidding or the acceptance of bids shall be settled by the Auctioneer.
Every bidder shall be deemed to act as principal unless the Auctioneer
has prior to the auction, acknowledged in writing that a bidder is acting as
agent on behalf of a named principal.
The Commission
13. The buyer shall pay the Auctioneer a commission at the rate of 20% of
the Hammer Price, exclusive of VAT at the applicable rate on all individual
lots.

Payment
14. Unless credit terms have been agreed with the Auctioneer before
the auction the buyer of a Lot shall pay to the Auctioneer within one (2)
days from the date of the auction the Total Amount Due. Notwithstand
ing this, the Auctioneer may, in its sole discretion, require a buyer to
pay a deposit of 25% of the Total Amount Due at the conclusion of the
auction.
The Auctioneer may apply any payments received by a buyer towards
any sums owing from that buyer to the Auctioneer on any account what
ever regardless of any directions of the buyer or his agent in that regard
whether express or implied.
The Auctioneer shall only accept payment from successful bidders in
cash, draft in Euro or by the bidder’s own cheque drawn on an Irish
bank account vouched to the satisfaction of the Auctioneer. Cheques
drawn by third parties, whether in the Auctioneer’s favour or requiring
endorsement, shall not be accepted. We also accept payment by credit
card, Visa & Mastercard subject to a administration charge of 2% of the
total amount due. American Expess 3.65% administration charge. We
also accept debit card payments by way of Laser, with no surcharge,
however the cardholder in person can only make the payment.
(f) To retain that Lot or any other Lot purchased by the buyer whether
at the same or any other auction and release same to the buyer only
after payment to the Auctioneer of the Total Amount Due;
(g) To apply any sums which the Auctioneer received in respect of Lots
being sold by the buyer towards settlement of the Total Amount Due.
(h) To exercise a lien on any property of the buyer in the possession of
the Auctioneer or whatever reason.
Liability of Auctioneer and Seller
19. Prior to auction ample opportunity is given for the inspection of the
Lots on sale and each buyer by making a bid acknowledges that he has,
by exercising and relying on his own judgment, satisfied himself as to the
physical condition, age and Catalogue description of each Lot (including
but not restricted to whether the Lot is damaged or has been repaired or
restored). All Lots are sold with all faults and imperfections and errors of
description. None of the seller, the Auctioneer nor any of their employ
ees, servants or agents shall be responsible for any error of description
or for the condition or authenticity of any Lot. No warranty whatsoever
is given by the seller or Auctioneer or by any of their employees, ser
vants or agents in respect of any Lot and any condition or warranty ex
press, or implied by statute or otherwise is hereby specifically excluded.
Forgeries
20. Any amount paid by a buyer in respect of a Lot which, if it is proved
within three (3) years of the date of the auction at which it was pur
chased, to have been a Forgery shall be refunded to the seller subject to
the provisions hereof, provided that:
(a) The Lot has been returned by the buyer to the Auctioneer within
three (3) years of the date of the auction in the same condition in which
it was at the time of the auction together with evidence proving that it is
a Forgery, the number of the Lot and the date of the auction at which it
was purchased;
(b) The Auctioneer is satisfied that the Lot is a Forgery and that the buy
er has and is able to transfer good and marketable title to the Lot free
from any third party claims;
FURTHER PROVIDED THAT the buyer shall have no rights hereunder if:
(i) The description of the Lot in the Catalogue at the time of the auction
was in accordance with the then generally accepted opinion of scholars
or experts or fairly indicated that there was a conflict of such opinion;
(ii) The only method of establishing at the time of the auction in ques
tion that the Lot was a Forgery would have been by means of scientific
processes which were not generally accepted for use until after the date
of the auction or which were unreasonably expensive or impractical.
The buyer’s sole entitlement under this condition is to a refund of the
actual amount paid by him in respect of the Lot. Under no circumstanc
es shall the Auctioneer be liable for any damage, loss (including conse
quential, indirect or economic loss) or expense suffered or incurred by
the buyer by reason of the Lot being a Forgery.
The benefit of this condition shall be solely and exclusively for the buyer
and shall not be assignable. The buyer shall for the purpose of this
condition be the person to whom the original invoice in respect of the
sale of the Lot is made.
Photographs
21. The buyer authorises the Auctioneer at any time to make use of any
photographs or illustrations of the Lot purchased by the buyer for such
purposes as the Auctioneer may require.
22. New VAT Regulations
22a) All lots are sold within the Auctioneer’s VAT margin scheme. Reve
nue Regulations require that the buyers premium must be invoiced at
a rate which is inclusive of VAT. This VAT is not recoverable by any VAT
registered buyer.
CONDITIONS WHICH MAINLY CONCERN THE SELLER
Auctioneer’s Discretion
23. With regard to the sale of any Lot the Auctioneer shall have the fol
lowing powers exercisable solely in the discretion of the Auctioneer:
(i) To decide whether to offer any Lot for sale or not;
(ii) To decide whether a particular Lot is suitable for sale by the Auction
eer and, if so, to determine which auction, the place and date of sale,
Reservation of Title
15. Notwithstanding delivery or passing of risk to the buyer the owner
ship of a Lot shall not pass to the buyer until he has paid to the Auction
eer the Total Amount Due.
Collection of Purchases
16. The buyer shall at his own expense collect the Lot purchased not
later than seven (2) days after the date of the auction but (unless credit
terms have been agreed with the Auctioneer pursuant to condition 14)
not before payment to the
Auctioneer of the Total Amount Due.
The buyer shall be responsible for any removal, storage and insurance
charges in respect of any Lot which is not taken away within seven (2)
days after the date of the auction.
The purchased Lot shall be at the buyer’s risk in all respects from the
earlier of the time of collection or the expiry of (2) days from the date
of the auction. Neither the Auctioneer nor its employees, servants or
agents shall thereafter be liable for any loss or damage of any kind how
soever caused while a purchased Lot remains in its custody or control
after such time
Packaging and Handling of Purchased Lots
17. Purchased Lots may be packed and handled by the Auctioneer,
its employees, servants or agents. Where this is done it is undertaken
solely as a courtesy to buyers and at the discretion of the Auctioneer.
Under no circumstances shall the Auctioneer, its employees, servants or
agents be liable for damage of any kind and howsoever caused to glass
or frames nor shall the Auctioneer be liable for the errors or omissions
of, or for any damage caused by, any packers or shippers which the
Auctioneer has recommended.
Non-Payment or Failure to Collect Purchased Lots
18. If a buyer fails to pay for and/or collect any purchased Lot by the
dates herein specified for payment and collection the Auctioneer shall,
in its absolute discretion and without prejudice to any other rights or
remedies it may have, be entitled to exercise one or more of the follow
ing rights or remedies without further notice to the buyer:
(a) To issue court proceedings for damages for breach of contract;
(b) To rescind the sale of that Lot or any other Lots sold to the buyer
whether at that or at any other auction;
(c) To resell the Lot or cause it to be resold whether by public auction
or private sale. In the event that there is a deficiency between the Total
Amount Due by the buyer and the amount received by the Auctioneer
on such resale after deduction of any necessary expenses the difference
shall be paid to the Auctioneer by the buyer. Any surplus arising shall
belong to the seller;
(d) To store (whether at the Auctioneer’s premises or elsewhere) and
insure the purchased Lot at the expense of the buyer;
(e) To charge interest on the Total Amount Due at the rate of 2% over
and above the base rate from time to time of Bank of Ireland or if there
be no such rate, the nearest equivalent thereto as determined by the
Auctioneer in its absolute discretion from the date on which payment is
due hereunder to the date of actual payment;

the conditions of sale and the manner in which such sale should be
conducted;
(iii) To determine the description of any Lot in a Catalogue.
(iv) To decide whether the views of any expert shall be obtained and to
submit Lots for examination by any such experts.
(v) To determine what illustration of a Lot (if any) is to be included in the
Catalogue.
Seller’s Warranty and Indemnity
24. The seller warrants to the Auctioneer and to the buyer that he is the
true owner of the Lot or is legally authorised to sell the Lot on behalf
of the true owner and can transfer good and marketable title to the
Lot free from any third party claims. As regards Lots not held by the
Auctioneer on its premises or under its control the seller warrants and
undertakes to the Auctioneer and the buyer that the Lot will be available
and in a deliverable state on demand by the Auctioneer or buyer. The
seller shall indemnify the Auctioneer and the buyer or any of their
respective employees, servants or agents against any loss or damage
suffered by any of them in consequence of any breach of the above
warranties or undertakings by the seller.
Reserves
25. Subject to the Auctioneer’s discretion, the seller shall be entitled
prior to the auction to place a reserve on any Lot. All reserves must be
agreed in advance by the Auctioneer and entered on the Sale Order
Form or subsequently be confirmed in writing to the Auctioneer prior to
auction. This also applies to changes in reserves. A reserve may not be
placed upon any Lots under €150 in value. The reserve shall be the min
imum Hammer Price at which the Lot may be sold by the Auctioneer.
A reserve once in place may only be changed with the consent of the
Auctioneer. A commission shall be charged on the ‘knock-down’ bid for
Lots which fail to reach the reserve price. Such commission shall be 5%
of the ‘knock-down’ bid. This commission and any VAT payable thereon
must be paid before removal of the Lot after the auction. The minimum
commission hereunder shall be €50. The Auctioneer may in its sole
discretion sell a Lot at a Hammer Price below the reserve thereon but in
such case the Proceeds of Sale to which the seller shall be entitled shall
be the same as they would have been had the sale been at the reverse.
Unless a reserve has been placed on a Lot in accordance with the pro
visions set out above such Lot shall be put up for sale without reserve.
In the event that any reserve price is not reached at auction then for so
long as the Lot remains with the Auctioneer and to the extent that the
Lot has not been re-entered in another auction pursuant to condition
31 the seller authorises the Auctioneer to sell the Lot by private treaty at
not less than the reserve price. The Auctioneer shall ensure that in such
a case those conditions herein which concern mainly the buyer shall,
with any necessary modification, apply to such sale.
Commission
26. The Seller shall pay the Auctioneer commission at the rate of 10% on
the Hammer Price of all Lots sold on behalf of the seller at Irish Art Sales
and 17.5% on all other Sales together with VAT thereon at the applica
ble rate. Minimum charges are detailed below. The seller authorises
the Auctioneer to deduct from the Hammer Price paid by the buyer
the Auctioneer’s Commission under this condition; VAT payable at the
applicable rates and any other amounts due by the seller to the Auction
eer in whatever capacity howsoever arising. The seller agrees that the
Auctioneer may also receive commission from the buyer pursuant to
condition 13.
Minimum Charges: Each individual lot is subject to a minimum fee of
€3.00 plus VAT, with a minimum charge per account of €50.00 plus VAT.
Insurance
27. Unless otherwise instructed by the seller, all Lots (with the exception
of motor vehicles) deposited with the Auctioneer or put under its control
for sale shall automatically be insured by the Auctioneer under the
Auctioneer’s own fine arts policy for such sum as the Auctioneer shall
from time to time in its absolute discretion determine. The seller shall
pay the Auctioneer a contribution towards such insurance at the rate of
1.5% of the Hammer Price plus VAT. If the seller instructs the Auctioneer
not to insure a Lot then the Lot shall at all times remain at the risk of
the seller who undertakes to indemnify the Auctioneer and hold the
Auctioneer harmless against any and all claims made or proceedings
brought against the Auctioneer of whatever nature and howsoever and
wheresoever occurring for loss or damage to the Lot. The sum for which
a Lot is covered for insurance under this condition shall not constitute
and shall not be relied upon by the seller as a representation, warranty
or guarantee as to the value of the Lot or that the Lot will, if sold by the
Auctioneer, be sold for such amount. Such insurance shall subsist until
such time as the Lot is paid for and collected by the buyer or, in the case
of Lots sold which are not paid for or collected by the buyer by the due
date hereunder for payment or collection such due date or, in the case
of Lots which are not sold, on the expiry of seven (7) days from the date
on which the Auctioneer has notified the seller to collect the Lots.
Illustration Charges:
27a. Catalogue illustrations are included at the discretion of the Auc
tioneer. Illustration charges will be calculated on the particular category
of sale. These charges are subject to change. Irish art sale illustrations:
€150.00 full page, €100.00 half page, €50 all other sizes. Fine art illus
trations: Scaled fee €100.00 for lots sold for €3,000.00 hammer price &
over, €50.00 for lots sold under €3000.00 hammer price. Contemporary
picture illustrations: €25.00 per illustration. All lots illustrated and not
sold are charged at €25.00 per illustration.
Recision of Sale
28. If before the Auctioneer has paid the Proceeds of Sale to the seller
the buyer proves to the satisfaction of the Auctioneer that the Lot sold
is a Forgery and the requirements of condition 20 are satisfied the Auc
tioneer shall rescind the sale and refund to the buyer any amount paid
to the Auctioneer by the buyer in respect of the Lot.
Payment of Proceeds of Sale
29. The Auctioneer shall remit the Proceeds of Sale to the seller not later
than thirty (30) days after the date of the auction, provided however
that, if by that date, the Auctioneer has not received the Total Amount
Due from the buyer then the Auctioneer shall remit the Proceeds of
Sale within seven (7) working days after the date on which the Total
Amount Due is received from the buyer. If credit terms have been
agreed between the Auctioneer and the buyer the Auctioneer shall remit
to the seller the Proceeds of Sale not later than thirty (30) days after the
date of the auction unless otherwise agreed by the seller. If before the
Total Amount Due is paid by the buyer the Auctioneer pays the seller an
amount equal to the Proceeds of Sale then title to the Lot shall pass to
the Auctioneer. If the buyer fails to pay the Auctioneer the Total Amount
Due within fourteen (14) days after the date of the auction, the Auction
eer shall endeavour to notify the seller and take the seller’s instructions
on the course of action to be taken and, to the extent that it is in the
sole opinion of the Auctioneer feasible, shall endeavour to assist the
seller to recover the Total Amount Due from the buyer provided that
nothing herein shall oblige the Auctioneer to issue proceedings against
the buyer in the Auctioneer’s own name. If circumstances do not permit
the Auctioneer to take instructions from the seller or, if after notifying
the seller, it does not receive instructions within seven (7) days, the
Auctioneer reserves the right, and is hereby authorised by the seller at
the seller’s expense, to agree special terms for payments of the Total
Amount Due, to remove, store and insure the Lot sold, to settle claims
made by or against the buyer on such terms as the Auctioneer shall in
its absolute discretion think fit, to take such steps as are necessary to
collect monies due by the buyer to the seller and, if necessary, to rescind
the sale and refund money to the buyer.
Payment of Proceeds to Overseas Sellers
30. If the seller resides outside Ireland the Proceeds of Sale shall be
paid to such seller in Euro unless it was agreed with the seller prior to
the auction that the Proceeds of Sale would be paid in a currency (other
than Euro) specified by the seller in which case the Proceeds of Sale
shall be paid by the Auctioneer to the seller in such specified currency
(provided that that currency is legally available to the Auctioneer in the
amount required) calculated at the rate of exchange quoted to the Auc
tioneer by its bankers on the date of payment. All payment instructions
must be in writing.
Charges for Withdrawn Lots
31. Once catalogued. Lots withdrawn from sale before proofing/publica
tion of Catalogue will be subject to commission of 5% of the Auctioneer’s
latest estimate of the auction price of the Lot withdrawn together with
VAT thereon and any expenses incurred by the Auctioneer in relation to
the Lot. If Lots are withdrawn after proofing or publication of Catalogue
they will be subject to a commission of 10% of the Auctioneer’s latest
estimate of the auction price of the Lot withdrawn together with VAT
thereon and any expenses incurred by the Auctioneer in relation to the
Lot. All commission hereunder must be paid for before Lots withdrawn
may be removed.
Unsold Lots
32. Where any Lot fails to sell at auction the Auctioneer shall notify the
seller accordingly and (in the absence of agreement between the seller

and the Auctioneer to the contrary) such Lot may, in the absolute discre
tion of the Auctioneer, be re-entered in the next suitable auction unless
instructions are received from the seller to the contrary, otherwise such
Lots must be collected at the seller’s expense within the period of thirty
(30) days of such notification from the Auctioneer. Upon the expiry
of such period the Auctioneer shall have the right to sell such Lots by
public auction or private sale and on such terms as the Auctioneer in its
sole discretion may think fit. The Auctioneer shall be entitled to deduct
from the price received for such Lots any sums owing to the Auctioneer
in respect of such Lots including without limitation removal, storage and
insurance expenses, any commission and expenses due in respect of
the prior auction and commission and expenses in respect of the sub
sequent auction together with all reasonable expenses before remitting
the balance to the seller. If the seller cannot be traced the balance shall
be placed in a bank account in the name of the Auctioneer for the seller.
Any deficit arising shall be due from the seller to the Auctioneer. Any
Lots returned at the seller’s request shall be returned at the seller’s risk
and expense and will not be insured in transit unless the Auctioneer is
so instructed by the seller.
Auctioneer’s Right to Photographs and Illustrations
33. The seller authorises the Auctioneer to photograph and illustrate
any Lot placed with if for sale and further authorises the Auctioneer
to use such photographs and illustrations and any photographs and
illustrations provided by the seller at any time in its absolute discretion
(whether or not in connection with the auction).
VAT
34. It is presumed unless stated to the contrary, that the items listed
herein are auction scheme goods as defined in the Finance Act 1995.
Artist’s Resale Rights (Droit de Suite)
35. Government Regulations (S.1. 312/2006), under this legislation a
royalty (Droit de Suite) is payable to living artists and the estates of
deceased artists within 70 years from their date of death, of E.U. Nation
ality on all works resold for €3,000 or more, other than sold by the artist
or the artist’s agent.The resale royalty payable is calculated as follows
From €3,000 to €50,000 4%
From €50,000.01 to €200,000 3%
From €200,000.01 to €350,000 1%
From €350,000.01 to €500,000 0.5%
Exceeding €500,000 0.25%
The total amount of royalty payable on any individual sale shall not
exceed €12,500. The seller is liable for payment (paragraph 7.1 of
Government Regulations (S.1. 312/2006) of this royalty on completion
of the sale. The artist may request from the Auctioneer any information
necessary to secure payment. Unless otherwise directed by the vendor,
the Auctioneer will automatically deduct the amount due from the pro
ceeds of sale and will hold in trust for the artist or their representative
the said sum.